Gender makes the difference: The moderating role of leader gender on the relationship between leadership styles and subordinate performance

Using a predominantly male research and development (R&D) sample and a predominantly female customer service personnel sample, we investigated how authoritarian and benevolent leadership styles interact with leader gender to influence subordinate performance (i.e., task performance, citizenship behavior, and creativity). Our research extends role congruity theory (Eagly & Karau, 2002) by adopting  and  attribution principles to offer a more comprehensive framework for explaining how leader gender affects the impact of leadership styles on subordinate performance. Our results suggest that the negative relationship between authoritarian leadership and subordinate performance is stronger for female than for male leaders and that the positive relationship between benevolent leadership and subordinate performance is stronger for male than for female leaders. Accordingly, in addition to leaders’ engaging in gender-role congruent behaviors, a useful strategy is to adopt behaviors that are perceived as a positive deviation from their gender role.     

Abnormally high residual dislocation density in pure aluminum after Al/Ti/Al laminate annealing for seven days

We report an abnormally high residual dislocation density in aluminium in an Al/Ti/Al laminate annealed at 873 K for seven days. The residual dislocation density reaches 7.5 × 10¹⁴ m^?2, higher than that in aluminum after severe plastic deformation processes such as accumulative roll bonding and high-pressure torsion. It is proposed that the high residual dislocation density may result from obstruction of the movement of TiAl₃ nanoparticles by the grain boundary and Ti atoms conglomerating at vacancies distributed in the aluminium matrix at a high temperature for a sufficient time to allow a relatively stable crystal.     

Density evolution during the growth of disc-shaped aluminium nanoparticles on a liquid surface

Aluminium (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully fabricated on a liquid surface by thermal evaporation at room temperature. The Al NPs exhibit a disc-shaped morphology with mean diameter and height in the ranges 20–35 and 1.3–3.7?nm, respectively. As the nominal film thickness increases from 0.02 to 0.18?nm, the mean diameter and height are nearly independent of the thickness, implying that the density of the NPs increases during their growth. An explanation for this phenomenon is presented.     

Surface effect on the screw dislocation mobility over the Peierls barrier

The effect of the image force on the Peierls stress (τ _p ) of a screw dislocation below a free surface is studied via a self-consistent semidiscrete variational Peierls–Nabarro model. The consequence of reduction in elastic energy and increase in stacking fault energy by the presence of the free surface is found to additively increase the Peierls stress (τ _p ). This model gives a physical interpretation of the same tend observed in a recent molecular dynamic study, while previous continuum analysis predicted the opposite.     

Similarity modulates the face-capturing effect in change detection

We investigated whether similarity among faces could modulate the face-capturing effect in change detection. In Experiment 1, a singleton search task was used to demonstrate that a face stimulus captures attention and the odd-one-out hypothesis cannot account for the results. Searching for a face target was faster than searching for a nonface target no matter whether distractor–distractor similarity was low or high. The fast search, however, did not lead to a face-detection advantage in Experiment 2 when the pre- and postchange faces were highly similar. When participants in Experiment 3 had to divide their attention between two faces in stimulus displays for change detection, detection performance was worse than performance in detecting nonface changes. The face-capturing effect alone is insufficient to produce the face-detection advantage. Face processing is efficient but its effect on performance depends on the stimulus–task context.     

Spiritual Coping in American Buddhists: An Exploratory Study

Researchers in the United States have examined spiritual coping in Christians, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, but rarely Buddhists. Using qualitative methodology, the present study represents an initial investigation into Buddhist forms of coping. Twenty-four Buddhists from across the United States were interviewed by phone, examining how their spirituality is used to cope with stress. Thematic analyses revealed six forms of Buddhist coping—right understanding, meditation, mindfulness, spiritual struggles, morality, and finding support in one's sangha. Implications of the study are discussed, including possibilities for future research on Buddhist coping.     

OVERCOMING INTERNALISED PHOBIA AMONG BUDDHIST SEXUAL MINORITIES THROUGH MINDFULNESS

ABSTRACT

When heterosexuality dominates sexual culture, sexual minorities are marginalised, yielding minority stress and internalised phobia which devastate psychological well-being and raise suicide risks. A growing trend in using mindfulness-related interventions in health care shows positive signs, but there is a paucity of research on mindfulness for sexual minorities. This qualitative research, through interpretative phenomenological analysis, looks into how Buddhist sexual minorities (from various countries) interpret mindfulness from which their increased self-awareness, self-esteem and self-acceptance become prominent intrinsic resources, resulting in enhanced mental health and quality of life. Such an exploratory study extends the horizon of health care benefits for helping professionals and sexual minorities with alternative views in overcoming external and internalised phobia.     

Examination of a Perceived Cost Model of Employees’ Negative Feedback-Seeking Behavior

The present study extends the feedback-seeking behavior literature by investigating how supervisor-related antecedents (i.e., supervisors’ expert power, reflected appraisals of supervisors, and supervisors’ emotional intelligence) influence subordinates’ negative feedback-seeking behavior (NFSB) through different cost/value perceptions (i.e., expectancy value, self-presentation cost, and ego cost). Using data collected from 216 supervisor-subordinate dyads from various industries in Taiwan, we employ structural equation modeling analysis to test our hypotheses. The results show that expectancy value mediates the relationship between supervisor expert power and subordinates’ NFSB. Moreover, self-presentation cost mediates the relationship between reflected appraisals of supervisors’ and subordinates’ NFSB. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.