学习贯彻习近平总书记关于弘扬中华优秀传统文化重要论述暨“儒家思想与文化强国建设”座谈会综述

由光明日报社、中共山东省委宣传部、尼山世界儒学中心(中国孔子基金会秘书处)、中共济宁市委共同主办的学习贯彻习近平总书记关于弘扬中华优秀传统文化重要论述暨"儒家思想与文化强国建设"座谈会,于2020年11月26日在山东曲阜举办。光明日报社总编辑张政、中共山东省委副书记杨东奇出席会议并讲话,中共济宁市委书记、市人大常委会主任傅明先,尼山世界儒学中心(中国孔子基金会秘书处)党委书记、副主任、孔子研究院党委书记国承彦致辞。     

Can genes modulate anchoring effect?

The anchoring effect is a well-known decision bias, referring that initial irrelevant number (anchor) can impact late estimation. Anchoring effect can be explained as people starting from the anchor and stopping incremental adjustment too early—in other words, jumping into the conclusion impulsively. High impulsivity is associated with AA genotype of rs806379. Therefore, we hypothesized that rs806379 polymorphism can exert an influence on the anchoring effect. The subjects completed an experimental task of anchoring effect and provided saliva for genotyping. As expected, we found that subjects with AA genotype of rs806379 demonstrated stronger anchoring effect. This is the first article that explores the anchoring effect from the gene perspective. Our finding suggests that nature plays a role in anchoring effect.     

周易人格模型与麦氏人格模型的比较

该文介绍了基于中国传统文化建立起来的本土化人格类型理论———周易人格模型;分析了该模型与麦氏人格模型在理论建构的指导思想、人格要素、人格类型的测定方法以及人格模型的演变规则等方面的区别和联系;指出了两者在方法上同源同根,在内容上各有特色。     

仪式与文化结构——云南建水祭孔仪式与地方文化内在关系研究

本文以云南建水县祭孔仪式为对象,讨论仪式和身体实践对于社会文化结构形成的作用。从该仪式的历史发展过程和时代背景可以发现,仪式被赋予的意义体现在仪式操演中。这些意义通过人的身体实践外化而形成了与仪式相关联的特定文化结构,由此展现出从社会赋予仪式意义,再从仪式传承意义到个人的过程,这正是社会记忆的传承与更新过程。     

自杀大学生生活事件的心理解剖研究

该研究采用心理解剖方法对39例自杀大学生的生活事件进行分析.结果发现:自杀大学生在自杀前经历了较多且较为强烈的负性生活事件；导致大学生自杀的生活事件多元化但又相对集中；大多数自杀行为在生活事件发生后3个月内实施.因此,负性生活事件可作为大学生自杀预警的重要指标.     

The mediating role of relatedness need satisfaction in the relationship between charitable behavior and well‐being: Empirical evidence from China

Based on self‐determination theory, the current research aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of relatedness need satisfaction on the relationship between charitable behavior and well‐being in the Chinese context. Employing a cross‐sectional design, participants reported data on the aforementioned variables in Study 1. The results indicated that relatedness need satisfaction mediated the positive relationship between charitable behavior and hedonic well‐being and that between charitable behavior and eudaimonic well‐being. Subsequently, a field experiment was conducted in Study 2. Participants rated their levels of relatedness need satisfaction and well‐being after charitable donation behaviors were primed. We again observed consistent results. Specifically, charitable behavior was positively associated with both hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being, and these relationships were mediated by relatedness need satisfaction. The above findings help to clarify the association between charitable behavior and people's subjective feelings (i.e., well‐being), and they deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanism from the perspective of psychological needs satisfaction.     

Neural decoding of positive and negative self-knowledge

A prevalent explanation for the self-reference effect is that self-knowledge is represented by a set of specific brain regions, including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), precuneus, and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which enables self-knowledge to be processed in priority than other-knowledge. However, the conventional univariate activation analysis adopted by previous studies could only detect the activation of separate brain regions. The current study mainly investigated the global neural patterns of self-knowledge (relative to other-knowledge) by the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). Results obtained in Experiments 1 and 2 were highly consistent, indicating that the core self-network (mainly the ACC) and salience network (mainly the insula) could distinguish self-knowledge from other-knowledge. Furthermore, the neural pattern of positive self-knowledge mainly included the ventral part of ACC, while the neural pattern of negative self-knowledge mainly included the ventral and dorsal parts of ACC and cognitive control network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: dlPFC). These findings suggest that the core self-network and salience network are specific to the neural process of self-knowledge. Moreover, both positive and negative self-knowledge are separately driven by different cognitive and neural characteristics.

     

现阶段我国城市居民消费心理预期的性质与特点

采用自编《消费心理预期问卷》对1097名城市被试进行了研究,结果表明：1．《消费心理预期问卷》具有较高的信度和效度;2．消费心理预期是由五个因素构成的：宏观经济形势预期、个人生活与收入预期、政府经济政策预期、物价走势预期和突发事件预防预期;3．现阶段,我国城市居民的消费心理预期普遍比较消极．甚至悲观;4．影响消费心理预期的因素是多维的,其中?肖费者的性别、年龄、学历、工作单位和所在城市等变量都是直接影响心理预期的一些重要因素,即不同性别、年龄、学历、工作单位和城市的消费者对未来存在着不同的心理预期。     

发展性阅读障碍与知觉加工

近年来许多行为实验和神经生理学实验都发现 ,发展性阅读障碍与基本知觉障碍有关。在视觉领域研究者提出了巨细胞障碍假设 ,这种假设认为阅读障碍者视觉神经系统中的巨细胞障碍导致他们对某种类型的视觉刺激加工存在困难 ,进而影响阅读。在听觉领域研究发现阅读障碍者加工快速、系列、短暂呈现的声音刺激存在障碍。研究者认为阅读障碍者加工快速刺激输入障碍反映了普遍的时间知觉障碍。这方面的研究发展非常迅速 ,理论观点非常明确 ,并且直接与内在的神经机制相联系 ,形成了与传统的“语言障碍”理论迥然不同的“知觉障碍”理论。“知觉障碍”理论综合了行为、认知和神经等多个层次的研究 ,反映了神经科学发展所带来的巨大影响和认知加工模块化理论的渐渐衰退。