利他行为的内隐启动研究

通过视觉与组词任务启动范式的两个实验考察了利他人物形象与利他词语对利他行为的内隐启动效应。结果发现,完成利他人物形象视觉启动(实验1)与完成利他组词任务启动(实验2)的实验组被试,在独裁者分配任务中分配给他人的钱数显著多于控制组被试。研究结果表明:利他人物形象视觉和利他语义组词都可以使个体的利他行为被显著直接无意识启动,即内隐启动。研究对设计能更好地启动人们的利他行为的一般情境有重要的启示。     

Positive factors associated with quality of life among Chinese patients with renal carcinoma: a cross-sectional study

Quality of life and positive psychological variables has become a focus of concern in patients with renal carcinoma. However, the integrative effects of positive psychological variables on the illness have seldom been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of life and the integrative effects of hope, resilience and optimism on the quality of life among Chinese renal carcinoma patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the First Hospital of China Medical University. 284 participants completed questionnaires consisting of demographic and clinical characteristics, EORTC QLQ-C30, Adult Hope Scale, Resilience Scale-14 and Life Orientation Scale-Revised from July 2013 to July 2014. Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of related factors. Hope, resilience and optimism were significantly associated with quality of life. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that hope, resilience and optimism as a whole accounted for 9.8, 24.4 and 21.9% of the variance in the global health status, functioning status and symptom status, respectively. The low level of quality of life for Chinese renal carcinoma patients should receive more attention from Chinese medical institutions. Psychological interventions to increase hope, resilience and optimism may be essential to enhancing the quality of life of Chinese cancer patients.     

木偶与侏儒——马克思与基督宗教“联手”面对当代资本主义

许多国外马克思主义的研究已显示,当代资本主义思想形态越来越具有宗教性质,俨然成了当代人的宗教,因此对于资本主义的批判,采取一种神学批判的进路变得极富挑战。在《资本论》,马克思把"市场体系"基本上看作是一个"宗教体系",认为基督教是最适合作为一种商品生产体系的一种宗教形式,他深刻地理解到金钱与宗教、资本主义与末世论愿景之间的深刻关系,这意味着对于资本主义的批判是可以探取一种神学批判的。本文即是将马克思对资本主义的分析置于与传统宗教社会学不同的进路,以神学批判的进路揭示马克思的批判不仅是历史的,也是哲学的,更是神学的。     

Post-training intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine block sevoflurane-induced impairment of memory consolidation and activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein expression inhibition in rat hippocampus

Considerable evidence indicates that the noradrenergic system of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) participates in the consolidation of various types of emotionally arousing memories. We previously reported that administration of an anesthetic-dose of sevoflurane immediately after continuous multiple-trail inhibition avoidance (CMIA) training impaired memory consolidation. This experiment investigated whether posttraining noradrenergic activation of the BLA is sufficient to reverse the memory impairing effect of sevoflurane. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral injections of norepinephrine (NE 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μg/0.5 μl) or normal saline (NS 0.5 μl) immediately after training in a CMIA paradigm. Subsequently, the rats were exposed to sevoflurane (2% inspired) or air for 2h. Norepinephrine produced a dose-dependent enhancement of memory consolidation on a 24-h retention test. The highest dose of NE tested (3.0 μg/0.5 μl) blocked sevoflurane-induced impairment of memory consolidation and reversed the inhibitory effect of sevoflurane on activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc) expression in the hippocampus 2h after training. These findings provide evidence that the mechanism mediating the memory-impairing effect of sevoflurane involves a network interaction between the BLA noradrenergic system and modulation of Arc protein expression in the hippocampus.     

文本阅读中数量比较信息整合的过程与内容

引入数量比较信息,采用移动窗口阅读技术对文本阅读中推理的过程与内容进行研究。实验1探讨当文本阅读中存在数量比较信息时,是否能够进行即时整合,实验2和实验3分别探讨了数量比较信息即时整合的过程与内容。结果发现:当文本阅读中存在数量比较信息时,读者能够进行即时的信息整合,这种整合是自下而上的,支持记忆基础文本加工理论,如果时间足够,这种整合能够达到量化程度。     

中国理论心理学的原创性反思

理论心理学已成为一门国际性的学科。中国理论心理学在世界理论心理学的发展中具有重要地位。我国老一辈心理学家对这个学科的发展做出了较大贡献,中青年学者在这一领域取得了可喜的成果。但我国理论心理学的发展状况与社会对理论心理学的期待还很不相称,有许多值得反思的地方,集中到一点就是中国理论心理学研究的原创性水平不足,这阻碍了中国心理学的发展。研究者认为,要提高中国理论心理学的原创性水平,理论研究者至少要从以下几个方面下功夫：理论研究必须回归到人本身;理论创新最需要的是坚定的理论信念;提倡批判思维,鼓励建构思维;心理学不能走入理论与实证相互怨恨的歧途;鼓励多途径理论创新;理论心理学需要理论心理学家相互合作、共同攻关。     

大学生经济信心和心理健康的关系:生涯自我效能感的中介作用

采用经济信心问卷、生涯自我效能感量表、总体主观幸福感量表、贝克焦虑和抑郁量表,对237名大学生进行调查,考察大学生经济信心对其心理健康的影响,以及生涯自我效能感在两者之间可能的中介作用。结果表明,经济信心与生涯自我效能感和主观幸福感呈显著的正相关,与抑郁显著负相关,生涯自我效能感与主观幸福感显著正相关,与焦虑、抑郁显著负相关。大学生经济信心对其主观幸福感和抑郁具有显著的预测作用。大学生生涯自我效能感在经济信心与主观幸福感之间起到部分中介作用,其在经济信心和抑郁之间起到完全中介作用。此外,大学生生涯自我效能感传递了经济信心对焦虑的间接影响。     

论中国现代化进程中的公民社会--实然与应然的分析视角

公民社会是确证了社会主体"公民身份"的社会,公民的独立主体性地位得到社会与政治国家的确认与尊重,公平正义的公共理性法则规定了公民社会的人伦关系格局.中国现代化进程中的市场化生存方式为中国公民社会的发育准备了最基本也是最重要的制度供给,全球化、网络化境遇把中国公民社会发育与生长置于全球化的宏观背景中,创设跨越疆域阻隔的比照与互动机制,而现代化推动的精神价值生态的变迁与公民伦理诉求,则为中国公民社会的催生提供了充分的精神文化养料.公民社会的现代性价值蕴涵,使之成为中国现代化进程中应然的价值目标被确立起来,从而实现了公民社会发展与中国现代化发展的历史耦合,实现了公民社会发展的实然性与应然性统一.     

对西方心理学历史的重建--评<西方心理学的历史与体系>

心理学起源于西方,可上溯至古希腊。1879年,德国的威廉·冯特建立了世界上第一个心理学实验室,培养出一大批一流的心理学家,使心理学脱离哲学而成为一门独立的学科。对于我国来说,心理学是一门“引进”的学科,与发达国家心理学的总体发展水平相比,我国的心理学比较落后。因此,为更好地发展我国的心理学,有必要出版有关西方心理学史方面的书籍,让从事心理学及有关学科工作、研究的人了解西方心理学发展的历史和现状,吸收。借鉴西方心理学中有价值的研究成果。一方面用于指导我国心理学的研究,丰富我国心理学的研究成果,另一方面…     

Binaural loudness matches in unilaterally impaired listeners

Binaural loudness matching data using a 2IFC adaptive procedure were obtained in high-frequency, unilateral cochlear-impaired listeners. The matches were obtained at frequencies where both ears had similarly normal thresholds, and also at other frequencies where the impaired ear had various degrees of hearing loss. In these listeners, one presumed difference between the ears is the limited or altered spread of excitation in the impaired ear. In agreement with previous studies using other approaches (Hellman, 1974, 1978; Hellman & Meiselman, 1986; Moore, Glasberg, Hess & Birchall, 1985; Schneider & Parker, 1987), the results of the present study suggest that both the range and the slope of loudness growth function are not dependent on the spread of excitation, but instead are related primarily to the degree of threshold elevation at the test frequency. Following this suggestion, a spread-of-excitation-independent model, based upon a group of neurons with the same characteristic frequency (CF) but different thresholds, is proposed to account for loudness growth in both normal and recruitment cases. In particular, it is shown quantitatively that a compressed distribution of thresholds due to threshold elevation may be responsible for loudness recruitment in sensorineural hearing loss.