人格与智力：一种交互作用的模型

该文在考察人格与智力的概念本质及其相互关系的基础上,指出了人格与智力之间可能包含的四层关系,Chamorro和Furnham（2004）提出的人格—智力关系的交互作用模型正是通过详细分析这些关系构建起来的理论模型。该模型以人格特质为中心,将主观评估智力（SAI）作为人格与IQ测试成绩之间的中介变量,深入阐述了大五人格特质与流体智力、晶体智力、主观评估智力、IQ测试成绩及其与认知操作之间的交互作用,为理解人格与智力的关系提供了一种新思路     

环境伦理制度化的困境

从环境立法的价值取向来看,自然权利难以作为环境伦理的核心范畴,也难以作为环境法规的操作性概念;环境权在司法实践中面临着实然性确立问题和确定环境权受到损害的请求问题。国际环境法规在创制方面,它的目标及价值宣示与其执行中所具备的技术、方法、手段不相匹配,可操作性差;在立法利益基础方面,它在名义上是为了维护人类共同利益的结果,而实际上是各种利益主体为了自身利益相妥协的产物。环境伦理的制度化困境意味着环境伦理的实现绝不是平坦之途,但也并不否定环境制度对于环境伦理的承载和转化功能。     

变形汉字的结构方式和笔画数效应

曾捷英等提出并采用了汉字通透性概念解释汉字识别中的字形属性效应,例如笔画数效应、笔画类型效应和结构方式效应。在有关研究中采用的主要实验方法是在速示、重复速示、非速示、时间或空间微观发生等条件下要求被试命名汉字。该研究将采用新的实验方法,即在呈现变形汉字1200ms后要求被试报告识别内容。结构方式和笔画数两种字形属性为研究对象。实验结果表明存在着常规的结构方式效应和笔画数效应,尤为重要的是观察到了逆转的结构方式效应。客观计算出的汉字通透性可以合理地解释这些效应。该研究和先前研究部分证明了关于汉字字形知觉的一个重要假设：汉字通透性是形成各种字形属性效应的基本或主导原因。字形属性对汉字识别的影响可以归结为通透性的影响,这称之为通透性中介假设。     

Olfaction is a Marker of Severity but Not Diagnosis in Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neuropsychology Review - Researchers have examined if olfaction is a sensitive biomarker of anorexia nervosa, but considerable heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus....     

Short‐term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception

Studies have shown that numerosity‐based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8‐day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple‐collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training‐related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short‐term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.     

Body Talk on Social Networking Sites,Body Surveillance,and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender

The present study examined whether body talk on social networking sites (SNSs) was positively associated with body surveillance and body shame and whether body surveillance would mediate the relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame. We also tested whether the links from body talk on SNSs to body surveillance and body shame would be moderated by self-compassion. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender in the mediation model was examined. The model was tested with 194 female and 119 male Chinese university students who completed questionnaires regarding body talk on SNSs, body surveillance, body shame, and self-compassion. Results indicated that body talk on SNSs was positively related to body surveillance and body shame. The relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame was mediated by body surveillance. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the association between body talk on SNSs and body shame. No gender difference was found in the mediation model. Findings from the current study provide new insights into the development of objectified body consciousness among women, as well as among men, and highlight the potential value of promoting self-compassion in the prevention of body image concerns.

     

Does the mortality salience effect on worldview defence depend on the cultural orientation of Chinese people?

According to the terror management theory, people tend to favour their worldview and in-group members after being reminded of death (i.e., mortality salience [MS] effect). However, inconsistent findings of the MS effect were found among Chinese people. In the present study, we examined the MS effect with Chinese samples and tested whether the effect would depend on participants' cultural orientation and relational self-esteem. In Studies 1 (N = 227) and 2 (N = 221), we examined the roles of participants' cultural orientations and relational self-esteem in their evaluations on moral transgression and/or perceived regard from people around after being primed with mortality (vs. dental pain) salience. We obtained the interaction effects of mortality salience, cultural orientations, and relational self-esteem. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of Chinese culture.     

学习贯彻习近平总书记关于弘扬中华优秀传统文化重要论述暨“儒家思想与文化强国建设”座谈会综述

由光明日报社、中共山东省委宣传部、尼山世界儒学中心(中国孔子基金会秘书处)、中共济宁市委共同主办的学习贯彻习近平总书记关于弘扬中华优秀传统文化重要论述暨"儒家思想与文化强国建设"座谈会,于2020年11月26日在山东曲阜举办。光明日报社总编辑张政、中共山东省委副书记杨东奇出席会议并讲话,中共济宁市委书记、市人大常委会主任傅明先,尼山世界儒学中心(中国孔子基金会秘书处)党委书记、副主任、孔子研究院党委书记国承彦致辞。     

Can genes modulate anchoring effect?

The anchoring effect is a well-known decision bias, referring that initial irrelevant number (anchor) can impact late estimation. Anchoring effect can be explained as people starting from the anchor and stopping incremental adjustment too early—in other words, jumping into the conclusion impulsively. High impulsivity is associated with AA genotype of rs806379. Therefore, we hypothesized that rs806379 polymorphism can exert an influence on the anchoring effect. The subjects completed an experimental task of anchoring effect and provided saliva for genotyping. As expected, we found that subjects with AA genotype of rs806379 demonstrated stronger anchoring effect. This is the first article that explores the anchoring effect from the gene perspective. Our finding suggests that nature plays a role in anchoring effect.     

现阶段我国城市居民消费心理预期的性质与特点

采用自编《消费心理预期问卷》对1097名城市被试进行了研究,结果表明：1．《消费心理预期问卷》具有较高的信度和效度;2．消费心理预期是由五个因素构成的：宏观经济形势预期、个人生活与收入预期、政府经济政策预期、物价走势预期和突发事件预防预期;3．现阶段,我国城市居民的消费心理预期普遍比较消极．甚至悲观;4．影响消费心理预期的因素是多维的,其中?肖费者的性别、年龄、学历、工作单位和所在城市等变量都是直接影响心理预期的一些重要因素,即不同性别、年龄、学历、工作单位和城市的消费者对未来存在着不同的心理预期。