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171.
Diane E. Sholomskas Janice M. Steil Jack K. Plummer 《Journal of applied social psychology》1990,20(7):548-574
Self-blame has been viewed as functional for victims' adjustment to negative life events. This perspective has been primarily based on the findings of Bulman and Wortman's 1977 study of the spinal cord injured. The present study replicates and extends the Bulman and Wortman study, using similar measures on a comparable sample and comparable life event. Patients did not differentiate among the concepts of responsibility, fault, and blame for the cause of the accident. Patients were behavioral rather than characterological self-blaming and alcohol use prior to the accident was the best predictor of self-blame. Attributions of responsibility for the cause of the event versus responsibility for rehabilitation (sequelae of the event) did not distinguish effective from ineffective copers. Bulman and Wortman's (1977) single-item measure of coping correlated with this study's multidimensional assessment of coping. There was no relationship between patients' attributions of self-blame and nurse's ratings of patients' coping but other-blame was associated with poorer coping. 相似文献
172.
This commentary compares Smith's work to classic value clarification, addresses issues of counselor judgement and informed consent, and outlines further exercises based on near-death experiences. 相似文献
173.
Janice G. Derrickson Nancy A. Neef Michael F. Cataldo 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(1):133-134
We report the effects of using a visual and auditory stimulus signaling impending painful medical procedures versus “safe” periods on the affective behavior of a hospitalized infant. The results of a reversal design suggested that the signaling procedures increased positive behaviors and decreased negative behaviors during both noninvasive and invasive caregiver events. 相似文献
174.
Christopher J. Aitken Eileen J. Tone Julie A. Smith Elizabeth R. Wood Suzanne Wright Janice A. Schloss Karen M. Plant 《Behavioral Interventions》1993,8(1):1-8
A multiple choice inventory was used to assess the behavioural knowledge of staff providing services to people with an intellectual disability. The relationships between performance on the inventory and other staff related variables were investigated. Results support previous research and indicate a low level of behavioural knowledge amongst direct care staff. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to staff training and selection. 相似文献
175.
Adolescents (N=262) in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh grades reported the frequency, intensity, and duration of their experiences of 12 emotions and the situations during which they occurred. The first three scales of emotion combined to produce the emotion saliency score. Girls reported higher saliences of surprise, sad, self-hostility, shame, shy, and guilt. Boys reported higher saliency of contempt. Factor analysis of the salient emotions retained the same three factors for both genders: positive emotion, inner-passive, and outer-hostile negative emotions. The loadings for surprise, sad, and anger on each factor suggested within factor gender differences. Most salient emotions were experienced with peers; however, boys experienced both surprise and sadness more often when alone than did girls. There were gender differences in most emotion categories on the events associated with salient emotions. Boys found activities and achievement, and girls found affiliation, to be emotionally salient. These data suggest that gender differences in emotion are pervasive rather than confined to depressive emotion and include differences in the organizational properties of emotion.This study was based upon data collected for the first author's dissertation under the direction of the second author. Preliminary analyses were presented at Eastern Psychological Association, Crystal City, Maryland, 1987. 相似文献
176.
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178.
Psychotherapy with low-income patients presents a variety of challenges for the clinician. This paper discusses some of those
challenges, including the barriers that poor individuals face in obtaining treatment, as well as issues of stigma, mistrust
of authority, and potential cultural differences and differing expectations between mental health providers from higher socioeconomic
backgrounds and lower-income individuals in need of care. We review some of the findings reported in treatment studies with
low-income, frequently minority, samples that shed light on the types of adaptations to treatment that have proven successful.
Finally, we discuss some of the clinical research that has been conducted with low-income, predominantly minority women through
the department of psychiatry at Georgetown University over the past several years, concluding with some of the lessons we
have learned in developing and conducting psychotherapeutic treatments with this population. 相似文献
179.
A robust literature on ingroup versus outgroup conflict suggests that perceived discrimination may be an important factor in intergroup aggression. Yet, to date, no studies have tested the hypothesis that the perception of being the victim of anti‐Muslim discrimination might be associated with support for anti‐Western political violence. We undertook an analysis of two Pew Global Attitudes Surveys: (1) a 2006 data set surveying 1,627 adult Muslim residents of Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain and (2) a 2007 data surveying 1,050 adult Muslim residents of the United States. Our analyses support the conclusions that younger age and perceived discrimination are both associated with support of suicide bombing in these Muslim diaspora populations. Study 1 found that a bad experience of discrimination increased the odds of justifying suicide bombing among European Muslims by a factor of 3.4. Study 2 found that experienced discrimination was associated with justification of suicide bombing among American Muslims. If further investigations confirm that perceived discrimination is a risk factor for support for political violence, initiatives to reduce discrimination would theoretically reduce the risk of terrorism. We discuss the challenge of breaking the vicious cycle of intergroup prejudice and radicalization. 相似文献
180.
Dany J. MacDonald Jean CôtéMark Eys Janice Deakin 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2012,13(3):332-340