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101.
Joan S Tucker José Felipe Martínez Phyllis L Ellickson Maria Orlando Edelen 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2008,22(1):1-11
This study examined the temporal associations of cigarette smoking with prosmoking social influences, academic performance, and delinquency in a cohort of 6,527 adolescents surveyed at ages 13, 16, 18, and 23 years. Prosmoking peer and family influences were risk factors for future smoking throughout adolescence, with family influences perhaps also operating indirectly through the adolescent's exposure to prosmoking peers. There were reciprocal associations of youth smoking with parental approval, peer smoking, and poor grades (but not delinquency), with youth smoking emerging as a stronger antecedent than consequence of these psychosocial factors. Few gender differences in these associations were observed. Implications of these findings for efforts to prevent youth smoking are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Phyllis A. Anastasio 《Current Psychology》2004,23(4):259-266
Viewing violent media has been shown to increase aggressive behavior, affect, and cognition. Viewing “justified” violence
(the target is believed to be deserving of the violence) further increases the risk of aggression. The present study investigated
whether viewing justified violence primes thoughts of devalued others, an inflated sense of self, or both. Participants viewed
one of three eight-minute video clips depicting either justified violence, non-justified violence, or no violence. Participants'
reaction times to four types of computer-presented sentences were then measured: sentences either valued the self, valued
others, devalued the self, or devalued others. Viewing justified violence resulted in reaction time patterns that devalued
others, but had no effect upon reaction times to self-relevant sentences. The possibility that viewing justified violence,
by priming devaluing thoughts of others, may impact interpersonal behavior in non-conscious and automatic ways is discussed. 相似文献
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Joan S. Tucker Phyllis L. Ellickson David J. Klein 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(8):1588-1603
Grade 7 nonsmokers and experimenters (N= 4,165) were compared on a wide range of risk factors for future smoking derived from four prominent theories and whether these factors predicted daily smoking at Grade 12. Early experimenters scored consistently higher than did early nonsmokers on risk factors for future smoking. Common predictors of Grade 12 daily smoking for both groups included early exposure to an important adult who smokes, being young for one's cohort, and weak academic bonds. For Grade 7 non‐smokers, unique predictors of daily smoking included exposure to pro‐smoking social influences (cigarette offers, sibling who smokes), early binge drinking, and being female. Unique predictors for early experimenters were less sharply delineated, although certain family factors appeared to be more important for this group. African Americans and His‐panics were also less likely to progress from experimental to daily smoking. Results point to the importance of adapting prevention efforts to the special needs of early nonsmokers and experimenters. 相似文献
106.
Phyllis A. Gordon David Feldman Royda Crose Eva Schoen Gene Griffing Jui Shankar 《Counseling and values》2002,46(3):162-174
The authors examined the ways in which 40 women with chronic illnesses (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or a combination of these disorders) used religious beliefs as a means of coping with their illnesses, The participants, all between the ages of 28 and 79 years, were interviewed about the role religious beliefs played in their experiences and the ways in which they made meaning in their lives or coped with their illnesses. The majority of the women reported that religious beliefs were important in living with a chronic illness. In addition, more women who were identified as coping well with their illness reported strong religious beliefs, whereas the majority of women identified as poor copers reported that religion was unimportant or that they had no religious beliefs. 相似文献
107.
Phyllis MoenStephen Sweet 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2002,61(3):466-483
Advances in career development research require scholars to move from analysis of the career paths of individuals to a life course approach to the interlocking career paths of couples. Increasingly, not only are U.S. workers married to other workers, but significant numbers of couples work for the same employer. Drawing on a subsample of employees in dual-earner households in five corporations in upstate New York (and their spouses), this study examines both the direct and indirect effects of being a coworker on career development, work circumstances, and spillover. Being part of a coworking couple positively predicts men's job prestige, tenure, and commitment to work (in terms of working long hours, heavy workload, etc.). These effects, as well as spillover, are most pronounced for younger men without children. For wives, coworking corresponds with increased income and increased spillover between work and family, especially for younger coworking women without children. 相似文献
108.
Phyllis F. Cohen 《Journal of religion and health》2002,41(2):113-120
The sudden destruction of the World Trade Center on 9/11 created an instant scenario of panic and horror. It was followed by post-traumatic shock that spread across New York. Psychoanalysts and other therapists were mobilized to provide emergency counseling for survivors, families of victims, firemen, police, rescue workers and others who had been scarred. One of the most effective techniques was to encourage the telling of personal stories as a method of working through trauma. It emerged as the most powerful tool in our therapeutic arsenal. 相似文献
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This exploratory study examined the frequency and nature of providers' contact with families of persons with severe mental illness. Fifty-nine providers in six community mental health programs completed a self-administered survey. A subsample of 8 providers also completed two in-depth interviews. Although most providers had some family contact, the contact was restricted to a small percent of their caseloads. The nature of contact that providers have with families is generally limited by their professional role. Best practice guidelines for the treatment of mental illness and agency administrators responsible for instituting these guidelines will need to clarify the types of providers who are expected to implement various aspects of family involvement. 相似文献