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951.
Brief Behavioral Knowledge Questionnaire: Measuring Change in Caregiver's Knowledge Following Participation in a Brief Behavioral Training 下载免费PDF全文
Behavioral caregiver training programs are extensively used interventions, based on empirical research and applied concepts of behavior. As these interventions become more widespread in use across settings for various populations, the availability of efficient methods to evaluate program effectiveness is crucial. Currently, there is a lack of widely used and psychometrically sound measurement tools to assess change in caregivers' knowledge of behavioral principles following participation in such training. In the current study, we assessed change in caregivers' knowledge of behavioral principles following participation in a caregiver training based on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis. Twenty caregivers participated in the evaluation, which included pre‐ and post‐Brief Behavioral Knowledge Questionnaire (BBKQ) completed before and after participation in a brief behavioral training (BBT). The measurement was found to have good internal consistency. Results also show that following participation in the BBT, caregivers' initial knowledge of behavioral principles increased significantly. The results suggest that the BBKQ may be a useful tool in detecting changes in caregiver's knowledge of behavior principles following BBT. Limitation and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
952.
Rindy C. Anderson William A. Searcy Susan Peters Melissa Hughes Adrienne L. DuBois Stephen Nowicki 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):309-320
Learned aspects of song have been hypothesized to signal cognitive ability in songbirds. We tested this hypothesis in hand-reared song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) that were tutored with playback of adult songs during the critical period for song learning. The songs developed by the 19 male subjects were compared to the model songs to produce two measures of song learning: the proportion of notes copied from models and the average spectrogram cross-correlation between copied notes and model notes. Song repertoire size, which reflects song complexity, was also measured. At 1 year of age, subjects were given a battery of five cognitive tests that measured speed of learning in the context of a novel foraging task, color association, color reversal, detour-reaching, and spatial learning. Bivariate correlations between the three song measures and the five cognitive measures revealed no significant associations. As in other studies of avian cognition, different cognitive measures were for the most part not correlated with each other, and this result remained true when 22 hand-reared female song sparrows were added to the analysis. General linear mixed models controlling for effects of neophobia and nest of origin indicated that all three song measures were associated with better performance on color reversal and spatial learning but were associated with worse performance on novel foraging and detour-reaching. Overall, the results do not support the hypothesis that learned aspects of song signal cognitive ability. 相似文献
953.
For people living with HIV/AIDS, grief and bereavement typically refer to the loss of life felt in the HIV community. However, changes in HIV treatments allow care providers to view HIV grief in a way that considers physical, social, and emotional loss, as well as a loss of the life they had previously pictured for themselves. Kübler‐Ross's ( 1969 ) model of bereavement is presented as a way to conceptualize clients living with HIV who are dealing with grief and bereavement. In addition, popular bereavement counseling approaches relevant to clients with HIV are discussed, and a case illustration is provided. 相似文献
954.
Tara C. Raines Melissa Gordon Leigh Harrell-Williams Rachele A. Diliberto Elyse M. Parke 《Journal Of Applied School Psychology》2017,33(4):245-260
Interventions developed to improve adaptive skills can improve academic achievement. The authors expanded this line of research by examining the relationship between performance on a state proficiency exam and adaptive skills classifications on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition parent and teacher reports. Participants included 392 Latino students, Grades 2–6 in a large urban school district. Ordinal regression models were used to assess relationships between student academic proficiency level and adaptive skills classifications. Students classified as having higher adaptive skills by teachers were more likely to be classified as proficient or higher in reading and mathematics. These findings further support the relationship between adaptive skills and academic achievement. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
955.
956.
Cortney Wolfe-Christensen Larry L. Mullins Terry A. Stinnett Melissa Y. Carpentier David A. Fedele 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):322-330
This study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children—2nd Edition: Parent Report Scale (BASC-2; Reynolds
& Kamphaus, Behavior assessment system for children, 2004) in a pediatric cancer population. Comparisons of scale scores were
made between pediatric cancer participants and controls. Within group comparisons were also made between subtypes of pediatric
cancer. Parents of 111 children and adolescents who had experienced pediatric cancer completed the BASC-2 as part of larger
studies of parent-child adjustment to cancer. Scores on the BASC-2 for cancer survivors were compared to a matched control
group. Results from MANOVA analyses revealed that children with cancer were categorized as evidencing more emotional and cognitive
complaints compared to the control children. Notably, no significant within group differences emerged on the subscales with
regard to cancer subtype. Although preliminary, these results suggest that the BASC-2 can identify the cognitive and emotional
differences between cancer survivors and controls. 相似文献
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958.
Melissa K. Runyon Robert A. Steer Esther Deblinger 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):129-136
The Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BYI-S; Beck et al. in Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social
Impairment, 2001) was administered to 100 adolescents (12–17 years old) who experienced sexual abuse. An iterated principal-factor analysis
found that the BYI-S represented two highly correlated (r = .53) factors corresponding to the Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions that Steer, Kumar, Beck, and Beck (J Psychopathol Behav Assess 27:123–131, 2005) found with child psychiatric outpatients. Item analyses were used to derive two six-item subscales measuring Self-Esteem
and Competency that had coefficient αs > .80. The Self-Concept total and subscale scores were differentially correlated with various psychosocial characteristics
of the youth. Low Self-Esteem scores were associated with total number of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported anger,
whereas low Competency scores were related to externalizing behavior problems. The BYI-S was discussed as being a useful instrument
for assessing the self-concepts of youth who have experienced sexual abuse. 相似文献
959.
Bonnie Auyeung Simon Baron-Cohen Emma Ashwin Rebecca Knickmeyer Kevin Taylor Gerald Hackett Melissa Hines 《Psychological science》2009,20(2):144-148
ABSTRACT— Mammals, including humans, show sex differences in juvenile play behavior. In rodents and nonhuman primates, these behavioral sex differences result, in part, from sex differences in androgens during early development. Girls exposed to high levels of androgen prenatally, because of the genetic disorder congenital adrenal hyperplasia, show increased male-typical play, suggesting similar hormonal influences on human development, at least in females. Here, we report that fetal testosterone measured from amniotic fluid relates positively to male-typical scores on a standardized questionnaire measure of sex-typical play in both boys and girls. These results show, for the first time, a link between fetal testosterone and the development of sex-typical play in children from the general population, and are the first data linking high levels of prenatal testosterone to increased male-typical play behavior in boys. 相似文献
960.
Adam M. Grant Andrew Molinsky Joshua Margolis Melissa Kamin William Schiano 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):319-349
Considerable research has examined how procedural injustice affects victims and witnesses of unfavorable outcomes, with little attention to the “performers” who deliver these outcomes. Drawing on dissonance theory, we hypothesized that performers' reactions to procedural injustice in delivering unfavorable outcomes are moderated by prosocial identity—a helping‐focused self‐concept. Across 2 experiments, individuals communicated unfavorable outcomes decided by a superior. Consistent with justice research, when prosocial identities were not primed, performers experienced greater negative affect and behaved more prosocially toward victims when a superior's decision‐making procedures were unjust. Subtly activating performers' prosocial identities reversed these reactions. Results highlight how roles and identities shape the experience and delivery of unfavorable outcomes: When procedures are unjust, prosocial identity can reduce prosocial behavior. 相似文献