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21.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the abstract-concrete dichotomy by introducing a new variable: the mode
of acquisition (MoA) of a concept. MoA refers to the way in which concepts are acquired: through experience, through language,
or through both. We asked 250 participants to rate 417 words on seven dimensions: age of acquisition, concreteness, familiarity,
context availability, imageability, abstractness, and MoA. The data were analyzed by considering MoA ratings and their relationship
with the other psycholinguistic variables. Distributions for concreteness, abstractness, and MoA ratings indicate that they
are qualitatively different. A partial correlation analysis revealed that MoA is an independent predictor of concreteness
or abstractness, and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed MoA as being a valid predictor of abstractness.
Strong correlations with measures for the English translation equivalents in the MRC database confirmed the reliability of
our norms. The full database of MoA ratings and other psycholinguistic variables may be downloaded from http:// brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental
or www.abstract-project.eu. 相似文献
22.
The assessment of the presence and intensity of psychosocial risks is constant in research into Work Psychopathology. Many questionnaires and diagnosis systems are partial or else there is no standardization process or reliability and validity study. The main purpose of this work is to present the psychometric data of a multidimensional system to assess psychosocial risks, elaborated conjointly by the Universitat of Barcelona and the MC Mutual. This battery assesses companies, using information from the prevention technicians, the directive staff and the workers. With the diverse types of information, a triangulation proposal is established to offer a psychosocial risk profile linked to the evaluation needs. 相似文献
23.
Gomà-i-Freixanet M Soler J Valero S Pascual JC Sola VP 《Journal of personality disorders》2008,22(2):178-190
Widiger and Simonsen (2005) state that given the limitations of the categorical model of Personality Disorders classification proposals are to be expected for dimensional classifications. The purpose of this paper is to test the alternative five factorial model (AFFM) of personality in a sample with PDs. Subjects were administered the ZKPQ to test the discriminant capacity of the AFFM in classifying subjects diagnosed with BPD (n = 74) vs normal-range controls (n = 148) paired by age and sex, and identifying sensitive and/or specific dimensions that can be of help in diagnosing BPD. The results showed that high scores on N-Anx and Imp-SS, and low scores on Act are prognostic factors for being diagnosed with BPD. Likewise, this model correctly classified 88% of subjects with a kappa index of 0.73. The AFFM of personality appears to have a substantial power for predicting SCID-II interview-based BPD diagnosis. 相似文献
24.
Ferran Casas Germà Coenders Robert A. Cummins Mònica González Cristina Figuer Sara Malo 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(2):197-205
The relationship between the subjective well-being of parents and their own 12–16-year-old children was explored in a Spanish
sample of N = 266 families. A positive relationship was expected due to both a shared environment and the possibility of the genetic
transmission of subjective well-being ‘set-points’. A positive significant relationship was found for the summated scale of
satisfaction domains forming the Personal Well-being Index, and for the specific domains of health and security for the future.
However, no relationship was found for the other five domains that make up this Index or for satisfaction with life as a whole.
We conclude while these results provide some evidence for the expected influence of a shared environment, they have failed
to provide evidence for high heritability of set-points for subjective well-being. 相似文献
25.
Maurizio De Pittà Vladislav Volman Herbert Levine Eshel Ben-Jacob 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):127-70
Many cells use calcium signaling to carry information from the extracellular side of the plasma membrane to targets in their
interior. Since virtually all cells employ a network of biochemical reactions for Ca2+ signaling, much effort has been devoted to understand the functional role of Ca2+ responses and to decipher how their complex dynamics is regulated by the biochemical network of Ca2+-related signal transduction pathways. Experimental observations show that Ca2+ signals in response to external stimuli encode information via frequency modulation (FM) or alternatively via amplitude modulation
(AM). Although minimal models can capture separately both types of dynamics, they fail to exhibit different and more advanced
encoding modes. By arguments of bifurcation theory, we propose instead that under some biophysical conditions more complex
modes of information encoding can also be manifested by minimal models. We consider the minimal model of Li and Rinzel and
show that information encoding can occur by AM of Ca2+ oscillations, by FM or by both modes (AFM). Our work is motivated by calcium signaling in astrocytes, the predominant type
of cortical glial cells that is nowadays recognized to play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and information
processing of the brain. We explain that our results can be crucial for a better understanding of synaptic information transfer.
Furthermore, our results might also be important for better insight on other examples of physiological processes regulated
by Ca2+ signaling. 相似文献
26.
Maurizio De Pittà Vladislav Volman Herbert Levine Eshel Ben-Jacob 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(1):55-127
Many cells use calcium signaling to carry information from the extracellular side of the plasma membrane to targets in their interior. Since virtually all cells employ a network of biochemical reactions for Ca2+ signaling, much effort has been devoted to understand the functional role of Ca2+ responses and to decipher how their complex dynamics is regulated by the biochemical network of Ca2+-related signal transduction pathways. Experimental observations show that Ca2+ signals in response to external stimuli encode information via frequency modulation (FM) or alternatively via amplitude modulation (AM). Although minimal models can capture separately both types of dynamics, they fail to exhibit different and more advanced encoding modes. By arguments of bifurcation theory, we propose instead that under some biophysical conditions more complex modes of information encoding can also be manifested by minimal models. We consider the minimal model of Li and Rinzel and show that information encoding can occur by AM of Ca2+ oscillations, by FM or by both modes (AFM). Our work is motivated by calcium signaling in astrocytes, the predominant type of cortical glial cells that is nowadays recognized to play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and information processing of the brain. We explain that our results can be crucial for a better understanding of synaptic information transfer. Furthermore, our results might also be important for better insight on other examples of physiological processes regulated by Ca2+ signaling. 相似文献
27.
28.
Size of the attentional focus and efficiency of processing 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
By following Eriksen and St. James (1986) the experiments reported in this study focused upon three questions: (a) Can the spatial extent of the attentional focus be made to vary in response to precues? (b) As the area of the attentional focus increases, is there a decrease in processing efficiency for stimuli within the focus? (c) Is the boundary of the focus sharply demarked from the residual field or does it show a gradual dropoff? The results seem to provide answers to these questions: (a) the size of the attentional focus can be adjusted so that it covers areas of the visual field of different size; (b) there is a decrease in processing efficiency when the area of the attentional focus increases; and (c) there is a gradual dropoff in processing efficiency around the attentional focus. 相似文献
29.
In an attempt to extend and validate Garcia-Sevilla's (1974) hypothesis proposing ambulation in a non-stressful open field (OF) as an animal analogue of human extraversion, ambulatory behaviour and rearing behaviour were studied and compared in several experiments with genetically-unselected rats. The effects of variation of OF auditory stimulation level, the correlation with a two-way avoidance-learning situation and the effects of a stimulant dose of d-amphetamine and an anxiolytic one of diazepam upon rearing and ambulatory behaviours were studied. All in all, our results support some of the requirements of the hypothesis, but also generate some additional problems. The results show that the number of rearings could be a better and more sensitive measure of variations in the level of arousal and a better predictor of shuttle-avoidance conditioning than ambulation. However, all activity measures are at least moderately intercorrelated, and they become grouped when results are factor analysed. All the results are discussed with reference to Eysenck's personality theory and Gray's anxiety theory, and it is concluded that these measures are too multidetermined and too poorly controlled to represent correctly and in a direct form a personality dimension such as Extraversion. Anyway, this attempt could be a good point of departure for discovering more efficient animal behavioural measures of arousability. 相似文献
30.