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121.
Effort discounting refers to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as the effort required to obtain the reward increases. The main aims of this study were to ascertain whether the amount of the reward affects the steepness of the effort discounting process for hypothetical monetary rewards, to identify whether this steepness depends on the type of effort that is required, and to determine whether the steepness of different types of effort covary at the individual level. Two types of effort were studied under hypothetical choice situations: physical effort and cognitive effort. Both physical and cognitive effort discounting were well described by the hyperbolic model. Large rewards were discounted less steeply than small rewards for both types of effort. This finding agrees with the results of prior studies which have found that larger rewards have greater motivational power. In addition, the steepness of physical effort discounting was positively correlated with the steepness of cognitive effort discounting, which suggests that the effort discounting process is a trait‐like characteristic within an individual. 相似文献
122.
Ewa Gajewska Ewa Barańska Magdalena Sobieska Jerzy Moczko 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(3):246-255
ABSTRACT. The aim was to verify if motor performance at second or third month of life better predicts further development. The global motor development was assessed by a neurologist and by a physiotherapist in 111 children at 2, 3, 6, and 9 months. At 2 and 3 months a physiotherapist also performed the assessment of qualitative elements. The physiotherapeutic assessment in the third month showed higher compatibility with the neurological assessment. Proper motor performance at third month could ensure the level of at least 7 months in the ninth month of life. Qualitative score above 7 of 15 points in the third month ensured proper development in ninth month. Third month of life is a better predictor of further motor development. 相似文献
123.
We investigate what happens when ‘truth’ is replaced with ‘provability’ in Yablo’s paradox. By diagonalization, appropriate sequences of sentences can be constructed. Such sequences contain no sentence decided by the background consistent and sufficiently strong arithmetical theory. If the provability predicate satisfies the derivability conditions, each such sentence is provably equivalent to the consistency statement and to the Gödel sentence. Thus each two such sentences are provably equivalent to each other. The same holds for the arithmetization of the existential Yablo paradox. We also look at a formulation which employs Rosser’s provability predicate. 相似文献
124.
We compare Jan ?ukasiewicz's and Karl Popper's views on induction. The English translation of the two ?ukasiewicz's papers is included in the Appendix. 相似文献
125.
Steven S. Posavac Frank R. Kardes J. Joško Brakus 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2010
Managers often must assess singular strategic options. Four studies of such assessments demonstrate a tunnel vision effect: Focal managerial options often are favored in an evidentially unjustifiable manner. Study 1 concerns new product development, and demonstrates that a prototype that has become focal tends to be judged overly favorably, and is chosen for launch with unwarranted enthusiasm. Study 2 shows that this tunnel vision effect generalizes to judgments and decisions about general strategy. Study 3 focuses on the information search patterns underlying the effect, and Study 4 replicates the tunnel vision effect among experienced executives, and demonstrates the utility of a debiasing procedure. Data in all of the studies implicate selective processing as the driver of the tunnel vision effect, and further understanding of how selective processing affects choice. Several alternative operationalizations of the empirically tested debiasing procedure are discussed. 相似文献
126.
Stanisław Kamiński 《Studia Logica》1961,11(1):7-18
Allatwn est die 16 Septembris 1959 相似文献
127.
128.
Marek Nieznański Micha? Obidziński Emilia Zyskowska Daria Niedzia?kowska 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(3):106-117
Previous research has demonstrated that context memory performance decreases as a
result of cognitive load. However, the role of specific executive resources
availability has not been specified yet. In a dual-task experiment, participants
performed three kinds of concurrent task engaging: inhibition, updating, or
shifting operations. In comparison with a no-load single-task condition, a
significant decrease in item and context memory was observed, regardless of the
kind of executive task. When executive load conditions were compared with
non-specific cognitive load conditions, a significant interference effect was
observed in the case of the inhibition task. The inhibition process appears to
be an aspect of executive control, which relies on the same resource as
item-context binding does, especially when binding refers to associations
retrieved from long-term memory. 相似文献
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130.