The role of risk,regret, and rejoice in non-instrumental information seeking

Standard theories suggest that humans should seek information only when it can help them make better decisions. However, recent work suggests that people choose to seek information even when it cannot influence the outcome of a choice. Across three experiments, we examined how this preference for non-instrumental information was related to the risk, regret, and rejoice associated with different choices. Experiment 1 examined how risk preference informed the appetite for non-instrumental information and tested how risk and information preference in a gamble-task related to the desire for knowledge across a range of hypothetical real-world scenarios. In Experiment 2, we tested how risk, operationalized as variance, related to non-instrumental information seeking when allowing participants to mentally simulate the potential outcomes of gambles. In Experiment 3, we provided explicit feedback about forgone options, intending to make the potential for regret or rejoice more salient. Taken together, our results show a consistent appetite for information that was robust to changes across all experimental manipulations. We found some evidence of a positive correlation between the desire for knowledge and the level of anticipated regret (Experiment 1), but overall, our data appear more consistent with the idea that non-instrumental information seeking is driven by a general aversion to uncertainty than by an attempt to regulate specific future emotions.     

Frans H. van Eemeren,Bart Garssen & Nanon Labrie: argumentation between doctors and patients: understanding clinical argumentative discourse

The latest book is a timely application of the Pragma-Dialectical argumentative approach to medical consultation. The book consists of six chapters, which are concerned with topics pertaining to resolving differences of the opinion in doctor-patient interaction. With the publication of the book, the authors have made new contributions to the field of doctor-patient argumentative discourse.

     

All you fear is love: The roles of rejection by intimate others

Interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory) asserts that recollections of parental rejection in childhood tend to result in psychological maladjustment and intimacy problems in later romantic relationships. Informed by IPARTheory, we investigated the association between maternal & paternal rejection, and fear of intimacy by the mediating role of psychological maladjustment in a Turkish sample with 462 mostly young adults. We further explored the moderator role of gender in Model 1 and the moderating roles of both gender and intimate partner rejection in Model 2. Model 1 revealed that adults who had experienced maternal and paternal rejection in childhood tended to be psychologically maladjusted. Consequently, they also tended to have a fear of intimacy, regardless of gender. Model 2 revealed that women who recall having been rejected in childhood by their mothers tended to be psychologically maladjusted and to have a significant fear of intimacy when they also experienced moderate or more than moderate intimate-partner rejection. However, both women and men who experienced paternal rejection in childhood tended to be psychologically maladjusted and to experience a greater fear of intimacy when they perceived any degree of intimate partner rejection. Implications of the results for theory, research, and practice are discussed.     

影响学生道德行为的两个因素的实验研究

本实验对学校情境中教师的榜样作用和学生同伴之间的相互作用进行了比较。结果表明:在小学低年级,学生对榜样的模仿和对同伴团体的从众都比较普遍;在小学高年级,榜样的作用下降了,而对同伴团体的从众倾向在高中以前一直很明显。因此,学校道德教育应根据学生的发展特点,在不同时期采取相应的有效措施。     

十年来我国儿童发展教育心理学研究的一般水平

利用“1979—1988我国儿童发展教育心理学文献数据库”,根据选定的几项有关质量的指标,分析了十年来儿童发展教育心理学研究的一般水平,发现有些方面有进步,有些方面无进展。进步最大的是统计方法,十年来取得长足进展;被试数量10年内共362665人,工作量巨大,4—16岁是研究的重点。研究方法有进步,目前研究采用的主要方法是实验法,测量法和理论分析法,测量法发展较快;从问题提出的形式看,代表较高水平的研究—深入型研究所占比例呈波浪式下降的趋势,88年下降较为明显,而重复性研究却呈上升趋势。创新型的研究虽然量不大,但有发展,值得进一步探讨;文献著录的引文量明显低于世界平均值,亦明显低于全国平均值。在引文类型上,引证图书略高于引证期刊,这与国内外科技文献引证期刊为主的调查结论不一致。引文文种以中文和英文为主。引证近5年的文献比例较低,文献更新速度较慢,且十年中没有进步。     

定量运动负荷和个性特征对动觉准确性和动作稳定性的影响

目的在于了解个性特征和定量运动负荷与同射箭运动员技术水平密切相关的肘关节动觉方位准确性和手动作稳定性的关系。研究结果表明：个性特征对肘关节动觉方位准确性和手动作稳定性的影响不显著;定量运动负荷可以使肘关节动觉方位准确性明显提高,而手动作稳定性变化不显著。本研究初步证明了韩国射箭训练中利用跑步等手段使运动员处于较高心率之下进行射准练习的方法是实用有效的。     

专家-新手型教师教学效能感和教学行为的研究

对在普通中学选取的专家教师和新手教师（各48名）的研究发现：专家型教师和新手型教师的教学效能感存在显著差异;在教学行为的各个方面及总分上,专家型教师显著优于新手型教师;无论专家还是新手型教师,个人教学效能感维度与教学行为及其各维度之间均存在较显著的相关关系;专家和新手型教师的个人教学效能感维度对教学行为具有较强的预测作用。     

胼胝体分步全切病人左右侧命名的不对称

以一位第一次进行胼胝体前部切开,第二次作后部切开的胼胝体全切断患者为被试,在第二次手术前后进行了Ⅰ。左右单侧操作检查,和Ⅱ。两半球之间感觉信息传递两类神经心理学实验。结果提示:后部切断前,左右侧操作没有明显的差异。同时,视觉和触觉的感觉信息的传递基本正常。在后部切断后,命名作业呈右视野和右手优势,图形临摹左手似乎较好,这时视觉和触党的感觉信息的传递发生了障碍。左视野和左手命名高于随机水平,讨论了这一结果与右脑语言的关系。方位比较等多个实验提供了支持两半球协同活动理论的证据。     

试析中国传统神学的三大宗教意识

本文认为“天人合一”、“天人并尊”的宗教哲学本体论意识、“天人感应”的宗教心理机制和“神道设教”的宗教社会制控功能意识是中国传统神学的三大宗教意识。由此形成的天地君亲师崇拜、神仙崇拜、圣贤崇拜是中国宗教的三大特色,这些崇拜形式长期制约着中国宗教的历史发展和中国人的思维方式,对政治、哲学都具有深远影响,从而成为中国宗教哲学的中心。     

我国超常儿童研究的进展及其问题

作者在回顾了我国超常儿童研究领域近２０年来的进展,总结了该领域的主要成绩,特别是方法上所取得的成绩的基础上,指出了当前尚存在的若干问题,这些问题的提出可能对今后该领域的研究有一定的目标。