克俭惜福 德泽流芳——印光大师对“克俭”美德的坚守与传承

前言克俭是中华美德,中华民族自古就提倡珍惜粮食、勤俭节省。《尚书·大禹谟》曰:"克勤于邦,克俭于家。"《道德经》说:"吾有三宝,持而宝之。一曰慈,二曰俭,三曰不敢为天下先。"孔子提倡"温良恭俭让",并提倡"谨身节用,以养父母"之孝;墨子撰《节用》以纠奢。由此可见,先秦之际,克俭之德已深入人心,成为中华民族的普遍价值。     

临床决策中患者及其家属的地位与作用

医生、医院每天都在为患者做临床决策.而在各个决策中患者与家属应该处于什么地位的问题早有争论.除了疾病外患者性别、年龄、家庭、经济、社会地位的个体差异决定了医生决策的不同.患者要真正参与.就必须真正全面知情.关于患者参与多少的问题要因人而异,可能只是提出意愿,可能提出耗资的底线,可能权衡费效比,可能以生活质量为唯一原则.总之,临床决策中患者及其家属的地位因人而异.     

把言情绪、共话健康——全国第五届情绪与健康心理学学术研讨会综述

<正>2019年4月26～28日,全国第五届情绪与健康心理学学术研讨会在信阳师范学院隆重召开。本次会议由中国心理学会情绪与健康心理学专业委员会主办,信阳师范学院、河南省心理学会、深圳市心理学会承办。中国心理学会前理事长、中科院心理所所长傅小兰,中国心理学会副理事长、中国心理学会情绪与健康心理学专业委员会主任李红,河南省心理学会理事长、河南师范大学党委书记赵国祥,中国心理学会秘书长、首都师范大学教授罗劲,深圳大学教授罗跃嘉,华东师范大学教授周永     

求真理去服务得自由——郭永玉教授专访

2020年最后一天,郭永玉教授应《心理新青年》网络平台的邀请,接受了两个小时的访谈。他介绍了自己的求学经历,强调了八十年代的思想解放运动的影响,回顾了他先后在华中师大、南京师大、武汉大学和在国外的求学过程,认为心理学史、人格心理学和社会心理学虽然是其所涉及的看上去跨度很大的三个学科,但有一种线索贯穿始终,那就是人性问题。郭教授还谈到人格心理学的分化与整合问题,结合社会阶层研究讨论了心理学促进社会治理的途径,强调了心理学的社会科学属性和使命,认为既要重视学术服务社会特别是促进国家的现代化,又要保持学术研究的独立性。最后,他对青年一代学者提出了治学的建议,希望青年学人要有人文社会科学的大格局,做出无愧于时代要求和自我理想的新贡献。访谈全文经《心理新青年》授权《心理学探新》发表,特向《心理新青年》编辑部的所有同事们表示感谢。     

Perceiving verbal and vocal emotions in a second language

Emotional inferences from speech require the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions. We asked whether this integration is comparable when listeners are exposed to their native language and when they listen to a language learned later in life. To this end, we presented native and non-native listeners with positive, neutral and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral or sad tone of voice. In two separate tasks, participants judged word valence and ignored tone of voice or judged emotional tone of voice and ignored word valence. While native listeners outperformed non-native listeners in the word valence task, performance was comparable in the voice task. More importantly, both native and non-native listeners responded faster and more accurately when verbal and vocal emotional expressions were congruent as compared to when they were incongruent. Given that the size of the latter effect did not differ as a function of language proficiency, one can conclude that the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions occurs as readily in one's second language as it does in one's native language.     

The basis of preference for lexical words in 6-month-old infants

Six-month-old English-learning infants have been shown to prefer English lexical over English grammatical words. The preference is striking because there are few grammatical words in total number but each occurs far more frequently in input speech than any individual lexical word. This could be because lexical words are universally more salient and interesting acoustic and phonological forms than are grammatical words. Alternatively, familiarity may play a role since infants may know some specific lexical words. Here we explore the first possibility by testing Chinese-learning infants’ response to English lexical and grammatical words. These infants, who had virtually no prior exposure to English and thus were unfamiliar with any English words, nevertheless preferred to listen to English lexical words, as in the case of English-learning infants. This finding increases the plausibility that it is the acoustic and phonological salience of lexical words that determines the preference for lexical words in infants.     

授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响     

六至十二岁儿童形成延緩条件反射的年龄特点

問題謝切諾夫曾經指出研究儿童內抑制发展的重要意义。对于儿童来說,延緩抑制是一种比較困难的內抑制。关于这方面的研究工作,有的是比較5岁和12岁儿童的延緩抑制的差别,有的是研究9岁以上儿童延緩抑制的发展。这些实驗結果,一方面說明了5岁儿童形成延緩条件反射是极其困难甚至不可能的,另一方面也看到9岁以上儿童的延緩抑制随着年龄增长而逐漸发展的情况。但是綜合这些研究尚不能比較完整地看到延緩抑制在儿童不同年龄阶段的发展特点,尤其是6至9岁年龄阶段儿童延緩抑制的发展情况及其在整个发展过程中的地位。根据上述已有的实驗結果,我們設想儿童的延緩抑制在这一年龄阶段可能有一个比較重要的发展。同时,为了能比較完整地看到儿童延緩抑制的发展过程,所以我們进行了本研究。     

Fluctuating emotions: relating emotional variability and job satisfaction

This study focuses on the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and examines emotional exhaustion as a potential explanation for why variability may result in lower satisfaction. In addition, this study examines organizational identification as a potential moderator of the relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. A total of 244 nonacademic staff in two universities in Ecuador responded to the surveys. The results demonstrated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and that organizational identification weakened the negative relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. This research is among the first to investigate emotional variability in organizations and examine the role of organizational identification in buffering the negative effect of emotional variability.