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251.
已婚育龄妇女的生殖健康水平影响家庭经济和后代素质,存在着民族差异.笔者调查少数民族已婚育龄妇女生殖健康现状,从社会、经济、文化等方面分析发现,民族、文化水平、经济状况、社会生殖保健服务体系是其影响因素.在生活方式、禁忌习俗与社会风尚方面,如何兴利除弊、因势利导和促进男女平等是改善各民族生殖健康状况的关键. 相似文献
252.
药物临床试验是由申办者、研究者和受试者共同参与的一项实验性医疗行为.申办者与研究者应当对受试者因试验引起的不良后果承担共同民事责任.其中,因研究者的过错造成的损害后果,申办者也要基于安全保障义务承担补充责任.补充责任的承担有利于受害人的顿害能得到及时完全的赔偿. 相似文献
253.
Aïna Chalabaev Philippe Sarrazin David Trouilloud Lee Jussim 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(10):2469-2498
This research investigated different forms of sex bias in teacher expectations relative to gymnastics performance. First, a laboratory experiment including 163 physical education teachers confirmed that stereotypes favorable to boys may influence teacher expectations in gymnastics. Next, a naturalistic study involving 15 teachers and 422 students showed that teachers expected no sex differences, even though girls performed better than boys. However, this sex bias was a result of reliance on nondiagnostic student personal characteristics favorable to boys, rather than on a stereotype per se. These results suggest that egalitarian beliefs may mask a bias in favor of a social group when group differences actually exist, and that sex‐biased teacher expectations do not inevitably involve an influence of sex stereotypes. 相似文献
254.
Tiffany M.Y. Lee Li-guo Guo Hong-zhi Shi Yong-zhi Li Yue-jia Luo Connie Y.Y. Sung Chetwyn C.H. Chan Tatia M.C. Lee 《Brain and cognition》2009
This fMRI study examined the neural correlates of the observed improvement in advantageous risk-taking behavior, as measured by the number of adjusted pumps in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), following a 60-day course of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recipe, specifically designed to regulate impulsiveness in order to modulate risk-taking behavior. The 14 participants recruited for this study were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups and the TCM recipe (Panax, 520 mg; Astragalus membranaceous Bunge, 520 mg; Masnetitum, 840 mg; Ostrea gigas Thumb, 470 mg; Thinleaf Milkwort Root Radix Polygalae, 450 mg; and Os Draconis, 470 mg) was administered, as a diet supplement, to the seven participants in the experimental group. The neural activity of the two groups was monitored by a 3T MRI scanner, before and after the 60-day treatment. Associated with the improved advantageous risk-taking behavior seen in the experimental group, significantly stronger blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses were observed in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left putamen, left thalamus, right insula, and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions which have previously been reported as being involved in risk-taking decision making. The effect of the TCM in improving advantageous risk-taking decision making appears to have been related to the enhanced efficiency of the cognitive affective system, the PFC–ACC–insula–striatum network, which functions to inhibit impulsiveness, to sensitize reward-related information, and to allow the opportunity, during risk estimation, to evaluate potential gains and losses. The findings of this study suggest that interventions acting on factors modulating risk-taking decision making could have a beneficial effect in terms of optimizing risk-taking behavior. 相似文献
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256.
我国的东北地区,是道教传播的重要区域之一.战国秦汉之际,东北地区就有方仙道的踪迹.全真道兴起后,很快就传到了东北地区.现已发现一些金末元初的全真道碑刻.人清以后,东北道教中兴.道教在东北民众的生活中打下了深深的烙印,渗透到了民间风俗之中.东北地区的年节时令和日常礼俗与道教文化有着密切的关系. 相似文献
257.
This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework placing anxiety in a personal growth perspective. The authors first
discuss two different theories of anxiety, review some structural models of anxiety, and stress that anxiety should be studied
as a certain kind of relation or interaction between the subject and her stimuli. Then a challenge-and-response model of normal
anxiety of its cognitive components is established, which sorts anxiety into heteronomous one and autonomic one, and supposes
that heteronomous anxiety includes two dimensions: the fall between the level of external challenge and the level of self
challenge, and the importance of the external challenge. Some related evidences for the preceding hypothesis are examined,
and then compared with related models. Finally, based on the model, a valid coping strategy of anxiety was put forward, from
which the mechanism of normal coping style of anxiety in daily life can be well understood. 相似文献
258.
259.
当代大学生对竞争认识的调查研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以天津市和广州市532名大学生为被试,采用半开放式问卷,采用团体测试的方式,研究了他们对竞争的认识,并对这种认识进行了理论分析。研究结果发现:(1)大学生由竞争一词最易联想到“激烈”、“残酷”、“公平或不公平”、“压力或动力”等内容;(2)大学生认为竞争存在的领域从高到低依次是商业与市场经济、就业与工作、比赛与体育运动、学习与考试、国家与社会等;(3)大学生认为竞争是“激烈”、“残酷”、“对抗”等;(4)大学生认为竞争的主要作用是动力、压力和机遇或挑战;(5)大学生对竞争性质的认识存在显著的性别差异和地区差异。 相似文献
260.