讲明与践履--象山教化理论与实践

象山先生十分关注教化对人格塑造和社会安定的实践意义。与其心学旨趣相仿,象山更为强调的是教化的主体性。象山把教化的本质规定为自我教化,认为教化的关键就在于“正人心”,恢复“本心”,社会教化不过是自我教化向外推衍的结果。尽管通过讲明与践履,教化的最终目标是“一致于道”,但它又有着民众社会教化和士君子自我教化的分野,正是在这讲明与践履、民与士、社会教化和自我教化的张力中,象山先生开始了自己的教化理论与实践。象山坚信,人的普遍本质是内在的而非外在的,因此,同西方教化理论相比,象山先生的自我教化理论通过向内在自我回归以实现人的普遍性的提升,从而达成了人的本质的自我认同而非异化,这一睿见卓识意义深远。     

Procedural fairness predicts cooperative behaviour for high-self-esteem individuals but not for low-self-esteem individuals

Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour.     

A comparison of classmate and self-evaluation of dysphoric and nondysphoric Chinese students

Forty dysphoric and thirty-nine nondysphoric Chinese college students participated in this study. Subjects completed forms on performance standard setting, self-evaluation, and self-perceived efficacy for their academic performance and social skills. Two classmates of each subject were asked to appraise the subject's level of academic performance, social skills, and academic efficacy. The results showed that although there was no difference between the standards the subjects set for themselves in the two groups, dysphorics showed lower self-evaluation, and self-perceived efficacy than nondysphorics. In comparison with their classmates' appraisals, dysphorics rated themselves lower both on their academic performance and social skills, whereas their efficacy judgements coincided with their classmates' appraisals. The findings suggest that depressed people are sadder but not wiser when self-evaluation and self-efficacy are taken into consideration.     

楚山绍琦禅师"禅净合一"思想研究

楚山绍琦禅师是明代初叶大力弘扬“禅净合一”的临济宗高僧,其禅法特色是把净土宗的持名念佛融入了看话禅,促进了禅净合一的发展。     

论黄宗仰与《频伽藏》的校刊及其贡献

近代爱国名僧黄宗仰本着佛法应时救世的精神,亦为推动近代佛教文化复兴事业的发展,顺应近代佛经刊刻事业发展的需要,在哈同夫妇的大力资助下主持校刊<频伽大藏经>,以其独特的选本、取材的广泛、校勘的严谨,以及僧俗联手合作等特点,对近代佛教文化的复兴有着重要影响.     

《周易》古经之"孚"新解

对于《周易》古经中的"孚"字,很多学者将其解为"信",然这是一种后起的观念。因此,求得"孚"字之原初意,寻找将"孚"训为"信"的根据,对更好地了解"孚"之意蕴,以及认识《周易》古经及其产生的观念有重要的意义。     

如何书写好内科病历

病历是医疗活动的原始记录或历史记载,是最准确,可信的记录.在现代医院管理中,病历作为医疗活动信息的主要载体,不仅是医疗、教学、科研的第一手资料,而且也是综合评价医院医疗质量、技术水平、管理水平的依据.即病历质量好坏体现医生的学术和品德,体现医院的管理水平和医疗质量.病志书写的水平,是一位医生理论基础、技术水平、临床经验、表达能力、逻辑思维的综合检验.然而现在有些病历,特别是大医院的病历质量不高的原因是工作太忙,病人太多.下级医师对疾病特点了解不够,概念不清楚.上级医师要养成习惯把您心里想的思路说出来,以提问的方式讲更好,这样对下级医生的印象会更深,同时也可以掌握他们是否理解正确了,督促下级医生平时的学习,始终要抓"三基三严",强调临床基本功.本文把内科病历书写中的常见问题一一列出,并具体指导如何改进.