右美托咪定在高血压眼科患者术中复合降压的临床研究

为了观察右美托咪定在球后神经阻滞麻醉下高血压眼科手术患者中降压的可行性及其效果,选择择期眼科手术的高血压患者40例,随机分为2组[右美托咪定复合硝酸甘油组(D组)和单纯硝酸甘油组(N组)],每组20例.记录患者术前、术中及手术结束时的MAP、SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2及Ramsay评分,同时统计硝酸甘油及右美托咪定用量.结果发现,两组基础MAP、SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组降压程度无统计学意义(P＞0.05).组内及组间HR差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).D组较N组硝酸甘油用量明显减少(P＜0.05).因此右美托咪定可在高血压眼科手术患者中达到较好的镇静及降压效果.     

朱熹的太极之理在中医学中的体现

朱熹之“太极”是总体之理.朱熹的太极之理体现在中医学的“理”、“气”、生理、养生、脉理、医理等方面,“理”、“气”方面体现在二者关系上,生理方面以“气”来解释生命现象,养生方面强调以“动”“静”结合强身养心,脉理方面主张先要确定“关”,医理方面认为要参病而治.朱熹这些观点对后世医学产生了广泛的影响.     

血管外科CBL教学病例库的构建与应用

为克服传统教学模式的缺点,将CBL教学法引入血管外科临床教学并构建教学病例库.在本科生和轮转医生群体应用中发现,CBL教学病例库能有效促进知识理解和经验积累,并有利于培养临床思维、科研能力及合作精神,可在医学教育领域中进一步推广.     

Cultural evolution over the last 40 years in China: Using the Google Ngram Viewer to study implications of social and political change for cultural values

Chinese people have held collectivistic values such as obligation, giving to other people, obedience and sacrifice of personal interests for thousands of years. In recent decades, China has undergone rapid economic development and urbanisation. This study investigates changing cultural values in China from 1970 to 2008 and the relationship of changing values to ecological shifts. The conceptual framework for the study was Greenfield's (2009) theory of social change and human development. Changing frequencies of contrasting Chinese words indexing individualistic or collectivistic values show that values shift along with ecological changes (urbanisation, economic development and enrollment in higher education), thereby adapting to current sociodemographic contexts. Words indexing adaptive individualistic values increased in frequency between 1970 and 2008. In contrast, words indexing less adaptive collectivistic values either decreased in frequency in this same period of time or else rose more slowly than words indexing contrasting individualistic values.     

How Abusive Supervisors Influence Employees’ Voice and Silence: The Effects of Interactional Justice and Organizational Attribution

In this research we investigated the influence of abusive supervision on employees’ prosocial voice and silence, as well as clarified the roles of interactional justice (as a mediator) and organizational attribution (as a moderator). Moreover, we examined a mediated moderating model stipulating that interactional justice mediated the moderating effect of organizational attribution on the focal relationship. A scenario experiment was employed in Study 1, and after analyzing data from 196 employees, we found that abusive supervision influenced employees’ prosocial voice and silence via interactional justice. In Study 2, data were collected from 379 employees in two waves separated by 1 week. The results not only replicated the findings of Study 1 but also indicated that organizational attribution buffered the abusive supervision-voice and silence relationship, and that interactional justice mediated this moderating effect.     

群际威胁与社会认知基本维度自我肯定对自我评价的影响

两个实验探索群际威胁情境下表达性和能动性自我肯定对个体自我评价的影响。实验一诱发群际威胁,操作表达性自我肯定,测量被试的自我评价水平。实验二与实验一采用相同的方法,诱发群际威胁,操作能动性自我肯定,之后测量自我评价水平。两个实验均发现,群际威胁组的自我评价显著低于控制组;在群际威胁情境下,表达性自我肯定组和能动性自我肯定组的自我评价显著高于无自我肯定组。研究表明,群际威胁虽然是群体水平的感知,但会对个体水平的自我评价产生消极影响,通过社会认知基本维度进行自我肯定能有效缓解群际威胁对自我评价的消极影响。自我肯定对群际威胁与自我评价之间关系的作用机制还需要进一步探讨。     

药物成瘾者相关线索反应的自动化用药行为特征及其消退

采用ERP技术考察海洛因成瘾者相关线索下的用药行为的性质和神经机制, 在此基础上结合虚拟现实技术(VR)和途径偏向矫正训练(AAT), 探究基于“相关线索-习惯性用药”联结的自动化用药行为的动作消退、替代训练的有效性。研究发现, (1)相比对照线索, 成瘾者在相关线索下的反应时更长, N1波幅更小, N1潜伏期更短; 相比对照组被试, 成瘾者在相关线索下的行为任务的正确率更低, 反应时更长, N1波幅更小; N1波幅的组间组内差异和潜伏期的组内差异主要集中在中央区。(2)结合VR技术的途径偏向矫正训练后, 训练组被试的生理指标和途径偏向系数显著降低, 且显著低于对照组被试; 追踪测试中, 训练组被试的分数显著低于对照组。这表明相关线索下成瘾者的用药行为具有自动化、无意识的性质, 感觉运动区N1的异常活动是其神经机制之一。VR提取用药动作记忆-AAT消退替代训练, 可以有效削弱或消退成瘾者的成瘾动作倾向, 而且训练效果持续性较好, 可达到减少或停止现实情境中的用药和复吸行为的目的。     

目标决策还是动作诱发?动作反应对注意促进效应的影响

注意促进效应(ABE)指的是在双任务条件下, 伴随探测任务的目标刺激呈现的背景信息记忆成绩要优于伴随分心刺激呈现的背景信息记忆成绩的现象。以往研究主张, ABE的产生主要源于目标决策时所诱发的注意增强。但由于目标探测往往伴随着动作反应, 而已有研究发现, 动作反应就能直接诱发背景信息的记忆增强效应, 因此ABE也可能源于动作诱发的记忆增强效应。为此, 研究设置了NoGo目标探测条件与Go目标探测条件, 通过4个实验系统地探讨了动作反应与目标决策在ABE产生中的作用及关系。结果表明, Go目标探测条件下的ABE是稳定的, 但NoGo目标探测条件下的ABE会受到动作反应频率对分心词的影响。此外, NoGo目标探测跨条件的ABE也是非常稳定的。这些结果表明, 目标决策产生的注意促进作用是相对稳定的, 但ABE的产生更多是目标决策的促进作用与动作诱发的记忆增强效应动态权衡后的结果。     

5～7岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童环境文字阅读的特点

以带有不同类型情境线索(包括颜色、图标和字体)的环境文字为材料,采用命名任务考察5～7岁28名自闭症谱系障碍儿童和30名正常儿童阅读环境文字的特点。结果发现:(1)在去掉环境文字中的图标后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童和正常儿童命名文字的得分都显著降低;(2)在消除环境文字的字体线索后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童命名文字的得分显著降低,但正常儿童却较少受影响;(3)在阅读环境文字时,无论是自闭症谱系障碍儿童还是正常儿童,识字量越多,儿童越少依赖图标线索的提示。这些结果表明,自闭症谱系障碍儿童在阅读环境文字时,受图标线索和字体线索的影响较大,为制定促进其阅读学习的早期识字干预方案提供参考。     

Psychiatric Distress and Suicidal Tendencies in Adult Cancer Survivors: Verifying the Validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 for Identifying Suicidal Ideation in the Hospitalized Population of Mainland China

The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is widely used to assess psychiatric distress but has not been verified in the Chinese population. From March to April 2019, 293 hospitalized cancer patients, aged 20–87, completed the cross-sectional survey with demographics questionnaire, BSI-18, and PHQ-9. We analyzed the single suicide-related item of PHQ-9 with the full score clinical outpoint for BSI-18 and PHQ-9 using SPSS 22.0 and R 2.15, including Pearson's χ² test and ROC curve analyses. A Pearson's χ² test was carried out to compare the three different methods with the gold screening criteria. The p-value was correspondingly to .006, .066, .838. When the PHQ-9?≥?10 criteria for the BSI-18, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that AUC values were 0.839, optimal cut-off points for both BSI-18?≥?50, the sensitivity of 85.8%, and 62.5%, respectively. The BSI-18 is suitable for a screening tool for psychological distress and could also be used in clinical settings for preliminary screening of hospitalized cancer patients.