预期错误与急性应激对不同强度恐惧记忆提取消退的影响

在条件性恐惧记忆再巩固模型下, 预期错误被证明是引发记忆不稳定的必要条件, 但其在不同强度恐惧记忆下的作用尚不明确。对于高强度可能导致的提取无效, 缺乏相应的探索以寻找解决办法, 而应激(stress)在其中发挥的作用值得探索。本研究考察人类被试中, 预期错误在不同强度恐惧记忆下的作用, 以及提取之后施加外源性应激对于消退进程的影响。结果发现, 对于较弱的恐惧记忆, 单个预期错误提取后消退可显著抑制恐惧自发恢复; 而对于较强恐惧记忆, 单个预期错误不能提取恐惧记忆进入再巩固, 已消退的记忆还会复发; 且在该种情况下, 如果在提取后施加外源性急性应激, 会进一步增大恐惧恢复。     

隐喻与规训—关于安多藏区疾病叙事的医学人类学阐释

四川安多藏区佛教文献和民间仪式中保存的疾病叙事借助象征与隐喻的作用在藏族社群内部衍生出诸多行为、道德规范,起到了塑造、巩固社群内部秩序的作用。这种关于疾病的叙事是藏族佛教知识精英进行构建的历史结果,它作为藏族传统文化的特定组成部分与藏区社会医疗卫生现代化之间存在一定张力。因此,想要正确理解、妥善处理当今安多地区藏族社会医疗卫生文化中存在的传统与现代之间的冲突,就必须借助医学人类学方法转变藏区民众对疾病的传统式文化解读,以基于病患主体的疾病叙事取代宗教性的疾病叙事。

     

The use of genomic microarrays to study chromosomal abnormalities in mental retardation

Mental retardation affects 2 to 3% of the US population. It is defined by broad criteria, including significantly subaverage intelligence, onset by age 18, and impaired function in a group of adaptive skills. A myriad of genetic and environmental causes have been described, but for approximately half of individuals diagnosed with mental retardation the molecular basis remains unknown. Genomic microarrays, also called array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), represent one of several novel technologies that allow the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, such as microdeletions and microduplications, in a rapid, high throughput fashion from genomic DNA samples. In one early application of this technology, genomic microarrays have been used to characterize the extent of chromosomal changes in a group of patients diagnosed with one particular type of disorder that causes mental retardation, such as deletion 1p36 syndrome. In another application, DNA samples from individuals with idiopathic mental retardation have been assayed to scan the entire genome in attempts to identify chromosomal changes. Genomic microarrays offer both a genome-wide perspective of chromosomal aberrations as well as higher resolution (to the level of approximately one megabase) compared to alternative available technologies.     

Effects of payment notifications on consumer purchase decisions: The role of pain of payment

Payment notifications are becoming ubiquitous due to the popularity of online payment, which are usually considered to be records of consumption. However, the effect of payment notifications on consumer behavior has not been fully understood. Given this research void, this study explores the effects of payment notifications on consumers' consumption amount during a multiple-purchase shopping journey. Considering the prevalence of online payment in China, we conducted four experiments using Chinese samples. The results confirm that payment notifications can evoke consumers' pain of payment, which consequently reduces consumers' subsequent shopping amount. Additionally, we argue that the effects of payment notifications on consumer behavior are different in the early/late stage of the shopping journey or in the gift-purchasing/self-purchasing conditions. The findings of this article could help payment application developers to better design payment notification functions.     

“They'll take a gun to me before I get that shot”: Rationalization,emotions, and misinformation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

Vaccine hesitancy—the reluctance, delay, or refusal to vaccinate regardless of availability—is not a new concept in psychology, medicine, or public health. However, given the emotions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine, hesitancy has proven difficult to overcome. To-date, the bulk of available data on vaccine hesitancy are quantitative, leaving room for exploratory investigations into the reasons adults remain unvaccinated. This qualitative study assessed the motivations, beliefs, and perceptions of individuals who have decided to remain unvaccinated against COVID-19. We had one exploratory research question: What social psychological justifications emerge from vaccine hesitant people's explanations of their decisions to remain unvaccinated? To assess this question, we conducted 18 interviews with unvaccinated adults throughout 2021–2022. The interviews consisted of 20 questions regarding participants' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and their intentions to get vaccinated. Thematic analysis revealed four main themes in the answers provided by participants: rationalization; identity, beliefs and potential modifiers; emotional responses; and information sources. These results offer insight for future vaccination efforts.     

残疾儿童的父母如何调适心路历程

残疾儿童给其父母的心路历程造成了极其重要的影响,这些父母心理调适的好坏在很大程度上决定了残疾儿童的发展,分析了残疾儿童父母心理历程的阶段性和残疾儿童的父母如何进行心理调适。最后指出了特殊教育工作者的职责。     

Can transactive memory system improve top management team’s creativity? The moderating role of team identity

Current Psychology - Whether transactive memory system can improve top management team’s creativity is an important issue that remains to be solved. Based on the theory of information...     

主动控制感在大脑表征中的时空标记

主动控制感是主动动作过程中产生的控制自身动作, 进而控制外部环境的主观体验。构成动作主动控制感的核心要素是主观意图与结果反馈。本研究试图通过操控这两个核心要素的不同属性, 借助脑磁图等技术, 探寻主动控制感在大脑额-顶为主的脑网络中前-后馈的作用方式及时空特异性标记, 并建构新的认知神经理论模型。这将有利于理解人类动作的产生及后效、为相关精神类疾病的临床诊断提供更加客观的参照标准。     

三叉神经痛药物治疗的循证医学分析

原发性三叉神经痛是一种严重的颌面部神经疼痛,其病因未明,目前的主要治疗措施是通过各种药物进行控制,但很多药物存在副作用、长期使用疗效降低等问题。本文应用循证医学思想,通过检索和评价国内外文献,综合高质量的临床研究结论,为三叉神经痛的药物治疗提供循证医学证据。     

ICU患者外出检查风险分析与对策

为了探讨ICU危重患者外出检查风险的原因,从而降低ICU危重患者外出检查风险,本文通过对312例ICU患者外出检查风险因素进行讨论分析,研究降低风险的对策,即在规范ICU患者外出检查流程、做好检查前准备和注意途中安全及返回后的护理,结果提示285例患者无意外发生,安全返回病房,其余27例患者存在一定风险,但在相应处理措施下均安全返回病房.