文章标记对阅读信息保持的影响及其作用机制的研究

通过3个实验,探讨了文章标记对阅读信息保持的影响及其作用机制。结果发现,标记有利于读者对文章信息的保持;随着年级的增长,读者利用文章标记建构文章表征的能力不断提高;文章标记对文章信息保持的促进作用存在选择性加工,通过延时加工测量技术和眼动分析技术证实了策略转化假设的合理性。     

归因双重过程模型研究

目的:探讨在中国文化背景下,个体的归因过程是否一个双重过程,包括内隐归因和外显归因。方法:本研究同时采用外显的自陈式量表和自行设计的内隐联想测验(IAT),对归因的过程进行了探讨。结果:(1)归因是一个双重过程模型,包括内隐归因和外显归因;(2)个体的归因偏差受个体内隐归因影响;(3)归因的双重过程模型不受性别及经验因素影响。结论:归因是一个双重的过程。     

基于机器学习的古典诗词作者的判别研究

主要基于机器学习的NaveBaye等方法,对诗词文本采用向量空间模型来表示,首次提出了中国古代诗人李白和杜甫作品判别计算模型,并采用了信息增益作为特征选择的依据,结合爬山法完善了计算模型,该模型已经在精典语料《全唐诗》的机器学习基础上得到实现,获得较好的诗人作品判别效果,准确度可达到98.3%,该方法已成功地推广到古典诗词的风格流派的机器判别上[1],准确度达到88.5%。本文提出了古典诗词研究的技术方向。     

大学生气质类型、父母教养方式与孤独感的关系研究

采用量表法以349名大学生为被试研究了气质类型、父母教养方式和孤独感的关系.(1)差异检验表明:女性大学生的亲情孤独感、总体孤独感多于男生,且气质类型上更情绪化;城市大学生的社会性得分显著高于来自乡村大学生;在爱情孤独和总体孤独感上存在显著的专业差异,理工类大学生体验到更多的孤独感尤其是爱情孤独感.(2)相关分析表明:大学生孤独感的各个维度与其气质类型中的社会性以及父母教养方式中的大多因素显著相关.(3)回归分析进一步表明:母亲情感温暖对总体孤独感有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、父亲严惩、母亲干涉保护对亲情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;社会性、父亲严惩对爱情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、母亲干涉保护、父亲干涉对社交孤独感因子有显著预测作用.     

患者异常心理致阴茎尿道异物伤诊治体会

分析各种类型阴茎尿道异物伤的治疗原则及治疗方法,并结合病例就非正常酊慰相关心理因素问题进行探讨。回顾性分析11例不同类型阴茎尿道异物伤患者临床资料,其中阴茎异物嵌顿伤7例,尿道异物伤3例,阴茎内异物植入1例。11例均成功取出异物,随访无明显异常。不同类型阴茎尿道异物伤通过选择适当的治疗方法,大多可获得满意的结果。此类阴茎尿道异物伤属非正常自慰行为,患者大多伴有心理障碍,术后需要进行必要的心理疏导。     

临床肿瘤免疫的研究近况

免疫系统具有特异性破坏肿瘤而不损伤正常组织的能力,并且可以产生长久记忆从而阻止肿瘤复发。过去30年的肿瘤免疫研究充分证明肿瘤可以被免疫系统识别,并且机体免疫监视可以阻止肿瘤的发展或长期控制。目前的临床试验提示免疫治疗可能成为肿瘤治疗非常重要的一部分,试验中发现免疫相关的毒性、疗效评价标准以及观察终点与传统的细胞毒药物及靶向治疗均存在很大的差别。为了充分发挥免疫治疗的疗效,研究者需要更深入地了解肿瘤与宿主免疫反应之间动力学关系以及肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制,识别、评价及处理免疫相关反应。     

On the role of Ag in enhanced age hardening kinetics of Mg–Gd–Ag–Zr alloys

The addition of Ag to the age hardenable Mg–Gd–Zr alloy system dramatically enhances early stage age hardening kinetics. Using atom probe tomography (APT), Ag-rich clusters were detected in a Ag-containing Mg–Gd–Zr alloy immediately after solution treatment and water quenching. During subsequent isothermal ageing at 200 °C, a high density of basal precipitates was observed during the early stages of ageing. These basal precipitates were enriched with Ag and Gd, as confirmed by APT. It is posited that Ag-rich clusters in the context of quenched-in vacancies can attract Gd atoms, increasing diffusion kinetics to facilitate the formation of the Ag + Gd-rich basal precipitates. The rapid formation of Ag + Gd-rich precipitates was responsible for accelerated ageing.     

Determinants of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China: The role of traditional cultures,personal attitudes and reference groups

This study aimed to identify social‐psychological predictors of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China. To this end, a proposed conceptual model was tested by analyzing the survey data derived from 972 rural respondents in Jiangxi province in south‐eastern China. Results showed that the endorsement of traditional cultures (man–nature orientation and collectivism) was linked with pro‐environmental consumption behaviuor, but was mediated by intentions. Personal attitudes (environmental cognition and environmental affect) and reference groups influenced both intention and behaviour. The results also provided good evidence of the intention–behaviour relationship. These findings provided a better understanding of the process in which Chinese rural residents developed their pro‐environmental consumption behaviours.     

Mechanisms for the object-based negative compatibility effect: voluntary versus involuntary inhibition

This study investigates whether the object-based negative compatibility effect (NCE) originates from involuntary or voluntary inhibition. We hypothesised that both supraliminally presented primes (the prime is a mug with its handle pointing either left or right) and experimental instructions (i.e., ignoring the prime) in previous studies might induce participants to develop a voluntarily inhibitory strategy that is responsible for the object-based NCE. To test this hypothesis, we conducted 3 experiments. Experiment 1 confirmed a suitable paradigm. Experiment 2 altered participants’ strategies by varying the frequency of compatible trials across blocks. The results revealed a significant NCE for the low-frequency condition, which suggested that voluntary strategy might be primarily responsible for the object-based NCE. Experiment 3 combined a free-choice target with an object-based NCE paradigm. The results showed equivalent frequencies and mean response times between the free-choice responses that corresponded to or were opposite from the orientations of the mug handle. Combined with the results of response time quartiles, which revealed NCEs in fast responses (Q1–Q3) but no compatibility effect in slow (Q4) responses, we concluded that the object-based NCE might be primarily based on voluntary inhibition. Moreover, this inhibition might take effect earlier than that of the arrow-based NCE.     

条件性恐惧提取消退的性别差异

基于记忆再巩固理论的提取消退范式能够有效地削弱非适应性恐惧记忆。性别差异是个体差异性研究的关键变量, 但在提取消退范式的研究中仍然比较少见关于性别差异的探索。因此本研究以立体几何图形作为条件刺激, 腕部电击作为非条件刺激, 皮肤电反应为恐惧反应指标, 探究提取消退范式在恐惧消退效果上是否存在性别差异。结果表明, 在恐惧自发恢复测试中, 提取消退范式的所有被试都成功抑制了恐惧复发, 但恐惧重建测试中只有女性被试抑制了恐惧复发。这说明, 提取消退范式在抑制恐惧自发恢复方面效果显著, 在恐惧重建上女性的消退效果显著优于男性。