Jerry

Jerry is a personal essay in which the author examines his relationship with a friend of the past 11 years. The author draws parallels between their outwardly very different lives and suggests how personal love and spiritual grace have unexpectedly crept in to influence both of them.     

情绪对危机决策质量的影响

为探究情绪在危机情境下对决策质量的影响,研究通过影片诱发实验情绪,运用实验室实验考察了以情绪变量为主导、包括性别和任务难度等在内的相关因素对危机决策的作用机制。结果发现：（1）随着危机决策任务难度的增加,个体用于决策的时间显著增长,且性别与情绪类型间存在显著的二次交互作用;（2）在危机情境下,男性的产生新方案率明显高于女性;（3）男性被试对危机决策过程的自信程度显著高于女性,且情绪与难度变量之间交互作用显著;（4）个体对于自身危机决策结果的满意程度,在性别、情绪和难度变量之间存在显著的三次交互效应。     

A semantics-based approach to the "no negative evidence" problem

Previous studies have shown that children retreat from argument-structure overgeneralization errors (e.g., * Don't giggle me ) by inferring that frequently encountered verbs are unlikely to be grammatical in unattested constructions, and by making use of syntax-semantics correspondences (e.g., verbs denoting internally caused actions such as giggling cannot normally be used causatively). The present study tested a new account based on a unitary learning mechanism that combines both of these processes. Seventy-two participants (ages 5–6, 9–10, and adults) rated overgeneralization errors with higher (* The funny man's joke giggled Bart ) and lower (* The funny man giggled Bart ) degrees of direct external causation. The errors with more-direct causation were rated as less unacceptable than those with less-direct causation. This finding is consistent with the new account, under which children acquire—in an incremental and probabilistic fashion—the meaning of particular constructions (e.g., transitive causative = direct external causation) and particular verbs, rejecting generalizations where the incompatibility between the two is too great.     

惊恐障碍的认知偏向研究

文章综述了惊恐障碍患者对威胁性信息的注意偏向、解释偏向、记忆偏向等认知偏向。对威胁性信息的优先注意激发焦虑体验,对模糊信息的灾难化解释增加焦虑水平,对引起焦虑感信息的记忆保持促使惊恐体验更易于提取,这3种认知偏向促使具有焦虑倾向的个体对惊恐障碍更易感,也是惊恐障碍形成和保持的关键因素     

The utility of the AusEd driving simulator in the clinical assessment of driver fatigue

Several driving simulators have been developed which range in complexity from PC based driving tasks to advanced "real world" simulators. The AusEd driving simulator is a PC based task, which was designed to be conducive to and test for driver fatigue. This paper describes the AusEd driving simulator in detail, including the technical requirements, hardware, screen and file outputs, and analysis software. Some aspects of the test are standardized, while others can be modified to suit the experimental situation. The AusEd driving simulator is sensitive to performance decrement from driver fatigue in the laboratory setting, potentially making it useful as a laboratory or office based test for driver fatigue risk management. However, more research is still needed to correlate laboratory based simulator performance with real world driving performance and outcomes.     

An optimal viewing position effect in the Stroop task when only one letter is the color carrier

Coloring only a single letter in the Stroop task can result in a reduction or elimination of Stroop interference. The present experiments were designed to test whether this modulation of Stroop interference occurs at all letter positions. Specifically, we investigated whether Stroop interference was reduced when the colored letter occupied the optimal viewing position (OVP). The experiments show that Stroop interference is not reduced at the OVP (Experiment 1) and that Stroop interference at the OVP is significantly greater than at other letter positions (Experiments 1 and 2). This finding has important theoretical and methodological consequences for studies of automatic processing in visual word recognition.     

A New Defence of the Modal Existence Requirement

In this paper, I defend the claim that an object can have a property only if it exists from two arguments, both of which turn on how to understand Plantinga’s notion of the α-transform of a property. For comments and discussion, thanks to David Sanson and three anonymous referees. For funding in the form of a Standard Research Grant (410-2004-0702), thanks to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC).     

赫曼全脑概念对神经心理侧化优势研究的新成果

神经心理侧化优势的研究经历了史培利的“二分脑模型”和麦春色连的“三分脑模型”阶段。现已发展到赫曼的“四分脑模型”新阶段,赫曼是风行世界的全脑技术的创始人,其代表作《The Creative Brain》轰动美国之后,又推出了《Whole Brain Technology》。他创立了“全脑概念”（Whole Brain Concept)的理论体系,其要旨是：“四分脑模型”是神经心理侧化优势的新概念和新成果;“四分脑模型”可通过“赫曼大脑优势量表”的技术来测量[1]。“全脑概念”的理论和技术已在美国和欧洲许多国家得到推广使用,但在我国赫曼全脑概念及其医学哲学的理论价值鲜为人知,因此,介绍赫曼全脑概念对神经心理侧化优势研究的新成果。有助于医学心理学基础理论研究的深化和神经心理临床技术的试用。     

食管癌研究的历史回顾和哲学思考

食管癌研究可分为病因学、发病机制和防治三个部分,涵盖了流行病学、生物化学、病理学、肿瘤学、分子生物学等多个学科。尽管两千多年前,我国学者以开始记载和描述食管癌,但直到近代特别是现代科学技术的进步才对食管癌有了系统的认识。回顾食管癌的研究史,不难看出,正确的研究方法和科学思路在揭示食管癌发病机制和控制食管癌发病率和死亡率中起关键的作用。辨证地剖析机体内部和外界环境之间的关系,人群研究和实验室研究,个体化局部治疗和全身综合治疗,基础和临床研究,传统方法和现代高科技的有机结合,国内外合作研究与小范围研究,研究者与食管癌患者之间的关系等方面的关系,是指导食管癌 研究的重要环节。