120名在校孤儿影响学习的心理因素调查研究

本文研究120名在校孤儿影响其学习的儿项心理因素情况．录川问卷测验法和个案调查法,结果表明：孤儿的智力水平、心理健康水平低于同龄正常儿童,提高学习能力较差,问题行为较多,但在校学习方法、与教师关系较好。     

移情反应的研究 ——基于个体倾向与情境的双重视角

摘 要：本研究基于个体倾向和情境的双重视角,将静态与动态相结合,探讨不同移情能力的个体在真实性不同情境中的移情反应。结果发现： （1）移情能力高、低分组得分存在显著性差异;（2）情境真实性高、低两种情境之间差异不显著;（3）在某些具体的移情反应上,移情能力与情境的交互作用显著;（4）性别差异不显著。属个体倾向范畴的移情能力对移情反应具有显著影响,情境对移情反应的影响与移情能力有关,移情能力高的个体对情境的变化更为敏感。     

问题与视角:西方易学的三种研究路径

本文试图截取“西方易学”的三种重要研究路径,对其发展历史和具有代表性的研究论著做简要慨述,在此基础上探讨他们在《周易》文本性质、作者、经传关系及历史诠释上的差异,从而表明,“西方易学”作为西方学术和思想的组成部分,在中西交流的背景之中,是如何根植于西方文化背景之中的.而他们对《周易》的探讨又超越西方文化本身,进入到人类生存基本问题的探讨.     

组织支持感对工作投入与工作家庭冲突关系的调节作用

在国内外研究的基础上,以207名企业员工为被试,运用问卷调查法和分层回归分析统计方法,考察了工作投入与工作家庭冲突的关系,并考察了组织支持感在工作投入与工作家庭冲突之间的调节作用。结果表明：工作投入对时间冲突和行为冲突都具有显著的负向预测作用。组织支持感在工作投入与行为冲突的关系中起调节作用。     

Insufficient augmentation of ambient GABA responsible for age-related cognitive deficit

Age-related degeneration of intracortical inhibition could underlie declines in cognitive function during senescence. Based on a hypothesis that a decrease in basal concentration of ambient (extrasynaptic) GABA with aging leads to depressing intracortical inhibition, we investigated how the basal concentration affects stimulus-evoked activity (as signal), ongoing-spontaneous activity (as noise) of neurons and their (signal-to-noise) ratio S/N. We simulated a neural network model equipped with a GABA transport system that regulates ambient GABA concentration in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. An increase in basal concentration augmented ambient GABA, increased GABA-mediated inhibitory current, and depressed ongoing-spontaneous activity while still keeping stimulus-evoked activity. This led to S/N improvement, for which it was necessary for the reversal potential of GABA transporter to be close to the resting potential of neurons. Above the resting potential, ongoing-spontaneous activity was predominantly enhanced due to excessive GABA-uptake from the extracellular space by transporters. Below the resting potential, stimulus-evoked activity was predominantly depressed, caused by excessive GABA-release. We suggest that the insufficient augmentation of ambient GABA due to a decrease in its basal concentration may be one of the possible causes of cognitive deficit with aging, increasing ongoing-spontaneous neuronal activity as noise. GABA transporter may contribute to improving S/N, provided that its reversal potential is close to the resting potential.     

The use of virtual reality for episodic memory assessment: effects of active navigation

Episodic memory was assessed using Virtual Reality (VR). Forty-four (44) subjects visualized a target virtual apartment containing specific objects in each room. Then they visualized a second virtual apartment comprised of specific objects and objects shared by the two apartments. Subjects navigated in the virtual apartments in one of the following two conditions: active and passive. Four main episodic memory components were scored from the VR exposures: (1) learning effect; (2) active forgetting effect; (3) strategies at encoding and at retrieval; and (4) false recognitions (FRs). The effect of navigation mode (active vs. passive) on each memory component was examined. Active subjects had better learning and retrieval (recognition hits) performances compared to passive subjects. A beneficial effect of active navigation was also observed on the source-based FR rates. Active subjects made fewer source-based FRs compared to passive subjects. These overall results for the effect of active navigation are discussed in terms of the distinction between item-specific and relational processing.     

经验回顾评价中峰-终定律的检验

通过两个实验对经验回顾评价的峰终定律进行检验。实验1借鉴Fredrickson和Kahneman(1993)的实验范式,选取积极和消极视频各6个,要求40名中国大学生边看边评价,看完后给出回顾评价。实验2采用现场研究的方法,要求72名大学生,在黄金周假期中每天晚上评价当天的快乐程度,并分别在假期刚结束后,结束后三周和七周三个时间水平上回顾整个黄金周的快乐程度。结论:短时间内经验回顾评价符合峰-终定律,而长时间内经验回顾评价不符合峰-终定律。     

大学生考试作弊问题的研究现状

近年来在大学生中,考试作弊这种不良现象日益普遍,需要高校教务工作者与心理教育工作者高度重视。因此,本文试图通过分析中外大学生考试作弊的研究现状,了解大学生考试作弊心理现状和应对措施,为有效地遏制高校学生考试作弊,促进高校的教学改革和人才培养模式改革提供一些理论依据。     

莫高窟第361窟的文殊显现与五台山图——莫高窟第361窟研究之二

莫高窟第361窟主室正龛内北侧帐扉顶画圆盖飞天图案,西、北壁屏风二扇,画文殊显现与五台山图。在实地调查的基础上,结合前人研究成果,重新考察了这两扇屏风画,核对现存的部分题记内容,初步确定了五台圣迹上主要画面的情节。进一步将这两扇屏风进行了拼合,可复原出一幅完整的五台山图。通过与敦煌石窟其他时代的五台山图对比,及榜题文字的语言习惯的比较,认为这幅五台山图的粉本可能属于长庆二年吐蕃遣使于唐求回、并经吐蕃改造后再传入敦煌的五台山图。此图应属于五台山化现图之类,这种简略的五台山图已初备五台山的雏形,为后世巨幅五台山图的绘制奠定了基础。     

助产士与中国近代的分娩卫生

助产士在近代中国担当着普及现代产科知识、推行分娩卫生的重要角色.她们在助产学校中养成了职业神圣感以及以新法接生为核心的医学技能.然而,毕业后从事助产职业的状况却不容乐观.助产士的职业困境一方面来自旧式产婆的竞争,另一方面则受限于其与产科医生之间的从属关系.这在某种程度上影响了分娩卫生的推行.