Studies of anticipation in bipolar affective disorder

Anticipation refers to the increase in disease severity or decrease in age of onset in successive generations. The concept evolved from the theories and dogma of degeneration that were pervasive in psychiatry and medicine in the late 19th century and into the early 20th century. The term was set aside with the criticism of geneticist Lionel Penrose, who argued that anticipation was the result of ascertainment biases. The renewed interest in anticipation followed the identification of its molecular genetic basis in the form of unstable trinucleotide repeats. Subsequently, several diseases have been studied clinically for the presence of anticipation. Although anticipation has been identified in many diseases, including bipolar disorder, only diseases showing a pattern of progressive neurodegeneration have been associated with unstable trinucleotide repeats. This review summarizes the research on anticipation in bipolar disorder and other secular trends in the patterns of the illness such as the cohort effect. The changing nature of bipolar disorder is likely to be a result of combined influences from several genes, some of which are likely to be in a state of flux, as well as environmental or cultural forces that converge to give the clinical picture of anticipation.     

医改与医学模式转变

最近 ,国务院办公厅批转了国务院体改办等八部门共同制定的《关于城镇医药卫生体制改革的指导意见》 ,提出了一系列的卫生改革措施 ,我们认为这个文件较全面地把卫生改革的基本原则 ,主要内容概括在内 ,是一个指导性很强的文件。但其中一个较为重要的内容并没有指出 ,即新的医学模式如何在改革中得到贯彻、体现。我认为 ,医改与医学模式转变之间有着不可分割的联系。医改是医学模式转变的必然要求 ,是落实医学模式转变的契机 ;医改有利于新医学模式的发展 ,应该促进医学模式在理论和实践上的转变。1　医学进步 :医改与医学模式转变殊途同归…     

箱庭疗法在心理临床中的应用与发展

本文作者于1998年将箱庭疗法介绍到中国,立足于东方文化和中国传统园林盆景艺术的精髓,探讨箱庭疗法在中国文化背景下的适用性.先后在北京师范大学、河北大学、辽宁师范大学、天津师范大学建立了箱庭治疗室,开展心理临床实践,并在<心理科学>上发表国内第一篇"箱庭疗法"的综述文章、个案报告和基础研究报告,其专著<箱庭疗法>亦将由人民教育出版社出版.这期间还成功地培养了一批从事心理咨询及箱庭疗法工作的心理咨询师,箱庭疗法在心理临床中的有效性已得到了验证,在中国心理学临床应用中将发挥重要作用并不断得到发展.     

小学生心理素质与学业成绩的关系

运用《瑞文标准推理测验》和自编的《小学生心理素质问卷》对1247名小学生作心理素质团体测试。利用方差分析和聚类分析,探讨小学生心理素质与学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)总体上,学业成绩高分组心理素质优于学业成绩中等组和低分组,学业成绩中等组优于学业成绩低分组。(2)分年级看,不同年级不同学业成绩组的小学生在心理素质因素上的差异有不同。(3)学业成绩高分组学生主要分布在心理素质较好的水平层次,学业成绩中等组主要分布在心理素质中等水平层次上,而学业成绩低分组主要分布在心理素质不好的水平层次。     

The effect of the September 11 terrorist attacks on suicide and deliberate self-harm: a time trend study

Suicide rates may be affected by world news. Our objective was to investigate the possible impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on suicidal behavior in the Netherlands. There was evidence of an increase in rates of suicide and deliberate self-harm in the weeks immediately following the attacks. These findings contrast with Durkheim's (1897) original suggestion that suicide rates decline in times of war and outside threat but are in line with findings of increases in suicidal behavior after media coverage of lethal violence.     

辩证分析兴奋性氨基酸对神经细胞的双重作用

兴奋性氨基酸（ＥＡＡｓ） 广泛分布于中枢神经系统,参与多种生理过程包括学习、记忆和伤害感受等。然而,ＥＡＡｓ 受体的过度兴奋却可引发一系列细胞事件,最终导致神经元的损伤与死亡。许多神经退行性疾病如早老性痴呆、癫痫和肌侧索硬化症等都与ＥＡＡｓ 的兴奋毒作用有关。目前的研究表明,由ＥＡＡｓ 受体过度兴奋所引发的细胞内钙超载是导致神经元死亡的最终途径     

Are Conservatives Less Likely to be Prosocial Than Liberals? From Games to Ideology,Political Preferences and Voting

Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conservatives less other‐regarding than liberals? On the basis of past theorising, we hypothesised that, relative to individuals with prosocial orientations, those with individualistic and competitive orientations should be more likely to endorse conservative political preferences and vote for conservative parties. This hypothesis was supported in three independent studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the Netherlands (Study 3). Consistent with hypotheses, a cross‐sectional study revealed that individualists and competitors endorsed stronger conservative political preferences than did prosocials; moreover, this effect was independent of the association between need for structure and conservative political preferences (Study 1). The predicted association of social value orientation and voting was observed in both a four‐week (Study 2) and an eight‐month (Study 3) longitudinal study. Taken together, the findings provide novel support for the claim that interpersonal orientations, as measured with experimental games rooted in game theory, are important to understanding differences in ideology at the societal level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

王夫之“阴阳向背”说的本体意义

王夫之阴阳十二位向背是根据乾坤并建之体的性质及体用一源的原理引申、推论出来的,他用这一原理来批评象数学的机械排比和框定,并用事物的自然自足、自立自全的性质,证明《序卦传》的三种卦序说不能成立,为自己独特的卦序说奠立基础。他要证明的哲学原理是,显现有向背,阳阳无或缺;本体所具有的性质与功能,同时就具于个体之中,个体因此而有了主体性、能动性,和自由地独立活动的品格。     

限铁机制:人类与细菌间的一场龙争虎斗——解读女性月经之谜

通过介绍限铁机制的基本概念;铁螯合蛋白的功用;解释假性贫血的成因以及铁过剩的危害;推论认为女性月经失血是限铁机制的体现;人类限铁机制的强化包括女性月经失血水平的上升;是对人类抗坏血酸遗传缺陷的补救措施;验证了由自然选择推进的生殖最大化是适应的本质.