青少年感恩与问题行为的关系:学校联结的中介作用

采用青少年感恩量表、学校联结量表、青少年外化问题行为调查表和焦虑抑郁量表对1217名中学生进行调查,考察了青少年感恩与其问题行为的关系,以及学校联结的同学支持、教师支持和学校归属感三大成分在其中的系列中介作用。结果表明:(1)青少年感恩与其外化问题行为和内化问题行为(以焦虑抑郁为指标)均显著负相关;(2)学校联结三大成分在感恩与其外化和内化问题行为之间均起着系列中介作用,即感恩对青少年学校归属感既有直接影响,也通过增强同学支持和教师支持间接促进其发展,进而学校联结的三成分共同作用减少青少年的外化和内化问题行为。     

句首词语音形义变化在判断句义中的作用

通过要求被试判断前后出现的两个句子意思是否一致,探讨句首词语音形义变化对句子阅读的影响,同时验证汉字音形义激活的时间进程。实验结果表明：（1）句首词语音形义变化对句子阅读的影响不一致,字形对句子阅读的影响最大,而字音和字义对句子阅读的影响大小不能得到分离。（2）句首词语首尾变化对句子阅读的影响不一致,词语尾字变化条件下的反应时比词语首字变化条件下的反应时更长。实验结果支持了句首词语字形对句子阅读影响最大、句首词语尾字变化比首字变化对句子阅读影响更大的观点。     

Group Treatment with French-Speaking African Survivors of Torture and Its Effects on Clinical Engagement: Can Hope Be Operationalized?

This study examines the clinical engagement of French-speaking African survivors of torture by measuring how often they utilize adjunctive programmatic services (i.e., mental health, social, and legal services) in relation to their involvement with the Francophone support group. Thirty-two clients who attended at least five Francophone group therapy sessions were identified and matched with their counterparts who never attended the Francophone group. We compared the number of services the clients in the Francophone group and the control group utilized, controlling for the number of services the clients utilized before attending the Francophone group. We found that the Francophone group showed significantly greater overall programmatic engagement. For the types of services utilized, the Francophone group sought out more mental health services, but there was no significant difference in social and legal services. These findings suggest that involvement with the Francophone group can be linked to increased levels of programmatic engagement.     

班级欺凌规范与欺凌行为：群体害怕与同辈压力的中介作用

本文通过两个研究探讨了群体因素中的班级欺凌规范如何通过同辈压力、群体害怕影响欺凌行为的发生。研究1为实验研究, 被试为186名小学高年级学生(M_age = 11.36 ± 0.99岁)。结果表明在不同情境(欺凌/非欺凌)的启动下, 各变量得分均具有显著差异; 进一步分析仅发现同辈压力的中介作用边缘显著。研究2为相关研究, 943名小学高年级及初二学生(M_age = 12.00 ± 1.32岁)填写班级欺凌规范、同辈压力和欺凌行为问卷。HLM分析显示同辈压力在班级欺凌规范与欺凌行为起显著中介作用。     

Relationship Between the Supervisory Working Alliance and Outcomes: A Meta‐Analysis

This study investigated the relationships between the supervisory working alliance and supervision outcome variables using meta‐analysis. The authors reviewed 27 articles, dissertations, and theses published between 1990 and 2018. The authors used the MIX program to calculate the meta‐analyses. The results indicate that the supervisory working alliance is positively related to supervision outcome variables. Supervisees’ perceived relationship with the supervisor was positively related to the relationship with the client. This shows that the phenomenon of isomorphism is a repeated pattern in the relationships in supervision and counseling. The authors discuss the limitations and implications.     

Effects of the presence of others on prosocial behavior: Perceived face as mediator

Previous studies have shown that the prosocial behavior of individuals may be promoted or inhibited by the presence of others. This study hypothesizes that prosocial behavior relates to the relationships among present individuals, beyond their number. This study examines whether there is a significant difference in an individual's prosocial behavior in the presence of different types of others (strangers or friends) and whether this effect is mediated by the perception of face. Two studies that used different methods of data collection were conducted. It was found that the presence of friends promotes prosocial behavior more than does the presence of strangers. In addition, perceived face plays a mediating role between the presence of different types of people and prosocial behavior.     

When sex doesn’t sell to men: mortality salience,disgust and the appeal of products and advertisements featuring sexualized women

Although men typically hold favorable views of advertisements featuring female sexuality, from a Terror Management Theory perspective, this should be less the case when thoughts of human mortality are salient. Two experiments conducted in South Korea supported this hypothesis across a variety of products (e.g., perfume and vodka). Men became more negative towards advertisements featuring female sexuality, and had reduced purchase intentions for those products, after thinking about their own mortality. Study 2 found that these effects were mediated by heightened disgust. Mortality thoughts did not impact women in either study. These findings uniquely demonstrate that thoughts of death interact with female sex-appeal to influence men’s consumer choices, and that disgust mediates these processes. Implications for the role of emotion, and cultural differences, in terror management, for attitudes toward female sexuality, and for marketing strategies are discussed.     

员工非伦理行为如何招致同事攻击:道义公正视角

通过整合理性判断与道义公正模型,聚焦非伦理行为实施者被同事攻击的现象,提出员工的非伦理行为导致同事道义不公正,进而引发同事的攻击行为。并且,这个过程分别受到伦理领导的正向影响和任务互依性的负向影响。通过分析265组来自浙江省一家大型制造企业一线员工的双点数据,结果表明同事道义不公正在员工非伦理行为与其被同事攻击之间起到了中介作用;伦理领导正向调节了非伦理行为对同事道义不公正的影响,即伦理领导增强了员工非伦理行为对同事道义不公正的正向作用,从而导致同事攻击行为的产生;任务互依性负向调节了同事道义不公正与攻击行为之间的正向关系,并且减弱了同事道义不公正在员工非伦理行为与攻击行为之间的中介作用。研究结果为控制和预防职场非伦理行为提供了理论依据和实践启示。     

默读和出声阅读的副中央凹预视效应

以往研究大多考察默读中是否存在副中央凹预视效应及存在何种类型的预视效应,很少有研究探讨出声阅读中的副中央凹预视效应以及阅读中预视信息提取的时间进程。本研究采用边界范式,通过两个眼动实验考察默读和出声阅读中的副中央凹预视效应及预视信息提取的时间进程。实验1发现在默读和出声阅读中都存在副中央凹预视效应,但是默读中副中央凹预视效应更大。实验2发现出声阅读中在注视中央凹词汇的早期不能提取副中央凹处信息。两个实验的结果表明默读和出声阅读条件下的副中央凹加工是不同的,需要用不同的眼动模型解释。     

志愿者心理资本与利他行为:角色认同的中介

运用心理资本量表、志愿者角色认同重要性问卷和利他行为量表,对231名志愿者进行调查,考察心理资本和利他行为之间的关系,以及志愿者角色认同在其中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)志愿者的心理资本显著正向预测志愿者角色认同和利他行为,志愿者角色认同显著正向预测利他行为;(2)志愿者角色认同在心理资本和利他行为之间起部分中介作用。因此,心理资本既能直接影响利他行为,也通过志愿者角色认同间接影响利他行为。