Redundancy analysis for qualitative variables

Redundancy analysis (also called principal components analysis of instrumental variables) is a technique for two sets of variables, one set being dependent of the other. Its aim is maximization of the explained variance of the dependent variables by a linear combination of the explanatory variables. The technique is generalized to qualitative variables; it then gives implicitly a simultaneous optimal scaling of the dependent, qualitative variables. Examples are taken from the Dutch Life Situation Survey 1977, using Satisfaction with Life and Happiness as dependent variables. The analysis leads to one well-being scale, defined by the explanatory variables Marital status, Schooling, Income and Activity.The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics.     

Polydipsia induced in the rat by a second-order schedule

Drinking was studied in rats pressing a bar on a second-order schedule in which every third completion of a 1-min fixed interval was followed by food presentation. A brief flash of light signaled the completion of each fixed-interval component. The rats drank not only after the food presentations but also after presentations of the light flash alone. A high rate of steady drinking followed intervals terminated by a food presentation. Drinking that followed intervals terminated by a light flash alone was of comparable rate, but characteristically interrupted by bar pressing. When 250-mg food pellets were used instead of 45-mg pellets, both drinking and bar-pressing rates increased substantially.     

Frequency-selective detection at three signal amplitudes

Using the probe-signal method, frequency-response characteristics were obtained for four Os detecting signals nominally of only 1000Hz under three signal-amplitude conditions: E/N_o=10.0, 12.6, and 15.8. Detection of 1000-Hz signals decreased systematically with signal-amplitude decreases, but signals at 850 Hz and at 1150 Hz were detected at or near the chance level during all signal-amplitude conditions. From the detection performance data, the detectability was inferred for four probe-signal frequencies relative to that of 1000-Hz signals for each of the amplitude conditions. From the curvesofrelative detectability, hal[-detectability bandwidths were estimated. Neither the relative detectability curves nor the half-detectability bandwidths indicate any systematic change in the frequencyselectivebehavior of the auditory O across the signal amplitudes used.     

Between life and death: experiences of concentration camp mussulmen during the holocaust

During the years of 1981 and 1982, 89 former prisoners of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp responded to questionnaires on mussulmen-prisoners in the extreme phase of starvation disease. In this article, I describe the origin of the term "mussulman," mussulmens' somatic and mental state, their behavior and camp customs. Prisoners characterized as mussulmen remain between life and death, without expressing emotional reactions and defense mechanisms apart from a hypersensibility to food-related stimuli. A mussulman was a product of the camp factory of death. A deep somatic and emotional stigma remains in those who survived the mussulmen state.     

Nonsuicidal physically self-damaging acts in adolescents

To determine the frequency and correlates of nonsuicidal physically self-damaging acts in 12–14 year olds, a two stage epidemiologic survey with a self-administered questionnaire (N=3283) followed by a psychiatric interview of a subsample of the adolescents and their parents (N=444) was used. Prevalence estimates of interview validated nonsuicidal physically self-damaging acts were 2.46% in males and 2.79% in females. Significant relationships were found between nonsuicidal physically self-damaging acts and suicidal ideation, major depression and undesirable life events. Data suggest that physically self-damaging acts occur at substantial rates during early adolescence. The strong correlation between nonsuicidal self-destructive acts and both suicidal ideation and major depression clarifies prior conflicting reports in the literature and suggests that a history of self-damaging acts should be taken into consideration when evaluating for possible depression and suicide risk.     

Child and adolescent psychopathology research: Problems and prospects for the 1990s

In November 1990 the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a special conference of over 100 scientists and leaders to outline specific strategies and research initiatives that should be developed to implement the recently released National Plan for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders.Participants included journal editors, educators from psychology and psychiatry, representatives from private foundations, and leaders of research program areas in public funding agencies. Critical knowledge gaps were identified in five areas of child and adolescent psychopathology, including depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, the anxiety disorders, and the developmental disorders. For each of these areas, special emphasis was placed on developing new ideas and obtaining critical input from other areas of investigation. This report summarizes the identified research gaps and recommends research initiatives to implement the National Plan, as outlined by the conference participants.