"史诗"和"碎片":解读《希望原理》文本之钥

西方马克思主义哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫的《希望原理》是理解其思想的最主要文本之一。但是对文本特征的把握不够使得此书长期以来像天书一般无解。该文认为,只有理解《希望原理》的“史诗性”特征和“碎片性”特征,才可能进入布洛赫的这部著作。无论布洛赫的生平还是《希望原理》的思想内容、文本结构抑或精神气质,都与荷马史诗有重重关联。而布洛赫有意识运用的碎片化写作策略,又使得《希望原理》成为一部反体系的哲学著作。     

对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要。但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系。通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议。     

Defining relationships: Comparing Canadians, Chinese and Indians

To examine whether cultural differences exist in defining family, friend, relative, colleague and neighbour, non-student samples were drawn from Canada, China and India. The data generated several unexpected findings. (i) The means of the relationship definitions between the Chinese and Canadians were not significantly different. The means between the Chinese and Indians were significantly different. The means between the Canadians and Indians were significantly different. (ii) Females defined their relationships more interdependently than males in the Indian and Canadian samples but not in the Chinese sample. (iii) Definitions were target specific and the order of closeness differed from group to group. (iv) In the Indian and Chinese samples, participants' age was negatively correlated with closeness in defining friends, indicating that a person's perceived closeness with friends changes over the life span. Results of past research using student samples need to be interpreted with caution.     

工作记忆广度：资源限制、记忆消退还是转换机制？

为了检验工作记忆广度有限性的3种假说,即资源限制假说、记忆消退假说和转换机制假说,实验要求被试首先完成一项转换效率任务,然后完成工作记忆广度任务。结果发现,加工负荷对工作记忆广度具有重要影响,保持时间不影响工作记忆广度,转换效率与工作记忆广度也没有显著相关。实验结果支持工作记忆广度受认知资源限制的观点     

The effects of context on the correspondence between observational ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior: a multitrait, multimethod approach.

Scholars who study close relationships often measure the same concept with both observational ratings and questionnaire items. In studies where this has been done, the correlations between the two measures have often been low, and one reason may be a "context by measurement" confound. Observational ratings are usually based on behaviors during a specific task, whereas most questionnaire responses are based on a broader context such as "during the past month." In 2001, a total of 292 young couples were videotaped during a discussion task and asked to report on their own behavior and that of their partner during the discussion task and during the past month. The data were configured as a multitrait, multimethod matrix, and the magnitudes of the correlations were estimated with confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting correlations between observer ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior during the videotaped discussion were roughly twice the magnitude of the correlations between observer rating and questionnaire reports during the past month. This suggests that the correspondence between behavioral categories and the content of questionnaire items is greater than previous studies have indicated.     

A diathesis-stress model of engagement in risky behaviors in Chinese adolescents

The current study examined whether the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior is moderated by maladaptive and/or adaptive coping strategies. At time 1, 411 adolescents (ages 14–19) from Yue Yang, Hunan, completed self-report measures assessing coping strategies, engagement in risky behaviors, and the occurrence of negative events. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, adolescents completed measures assessing engagement in risky behaviors and the occurrence of negative events. In line with our hypotheses, results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents possessing high levels of maladaptive coping strategies reported greater engagement in risky behaviors following the occurrence of negative events than adolescents possessing low levels. In contrast to our hypotheses, the association between the occurrence of negative events and increased engagement in risky behavior was not moderated by adaptive coping strategies.     

What Would Jesus Buy: American Consumption of Religious and Spiritual Material Goods

This article examines an important and understudied part of the sociological study of religion: consumption of religious materials. We use data from the Baylor Religion Survey and present an initial look at which Americans read the Left Behind series, viewed The Passion of the Christ , or purchased religious paraphernalia such as "What Would Jesus Do" bracelets. Drawing on cultural consumption and religious capital research we explore class, demographic, and religious influences on consumption patterns. We find some support for each of these perspectives, which suggests that religious consumption is not a subset of cultural consumption nor of religious practice but is some combination of both.     

人类认知模式的转变——从J.A.福多到卡米洛夫-史密斯

当代科学认识论的研究,日益得到世界各地学者的关注,认知科学正在成为21世纪科学哲学研究的热点,对此我们需要从当前的研究中梳理出总体的研究进路,从中寻绎出存在的问题以及可能的研究路径。当代认知科学与人工智能研究日益深入到人类认识机制的领域。这种研究进路在哲学上就是元认识论问题,以往的哲学研究对这个问题的关注明显不够。从20世纪80年代起一些学者开始关注元认识论问题,这以美国心理学家福多心理模块理论为代表,提出人类认识的功能主义解释,到90年代英国心理学家卡米洛夫-史密斯从皮亚杰的发生认识论基础上提出一种折中的混合…