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881.
Perception of mirror images by three-to four-month infants was studied in five experiments using habituation paradigms. In the first experiment, babies discriminated right profiles of two different faces but not the left and right profile of the same face. In the second, babies discriminated a 45° oblique from a vertical line, but not the oblique from its mirror image. In the third, babies discriminated oblique lines that differed by 50° and were not mirror images. In the final experiments. 90° rotations of a ?-shape were discriminated but not 180° rotations that formed lateral or vertical mirror images. These results demonstrated that although babies were able to discriminate differences in orientation (even among obliques) they tended to view mirror images, especially lateral mirror images, as equivalent stimuli. We propose that the perceptual equivalence of mirror images reflects an adaptive mode of visual processing; mirror images in nature are almost always aspects of the same object, and they usually need not be discriminated. The relations of the perceptual similarity of mirror images to the ontogeny of the object concept and to the development of reading are discussed. 相似文献
882.
Jeffrey A. Seybert Mary Z. Mays Ray L. Littlejohn Roger L. Mellgren Nabil F. Haddad 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1978,30(1):121-132
Two experiments compared the effects of reinforced, partially reinforced and nonreinforced intertrial goal box placements (ITR, ITP, and ITN respectively) on runway performance. In Experiment I differential responding (animals running slower on nonreinforced (N) trials than on reinforced (R) trials) was observed during acquisition for subjects receiving ITP preceding N trials or subjects receiving ITP before R trials, and also for subjects receiving ITR preceding N trials. No differential responding was observed in subjects receiving ITP prior to both N and R trials or ITN prior to N trials. In extinction, the subjects which had responded differentially during acquisition demonstrated reduced resistance to extinction in comparison to the subjects which had not. In Experiment II, a 2 × 2 factorial design was utilized with placement schedule (ITN and ITP) and type of trial predicted by placement (N and R) serving as the factors. Differential responding was observed in all four groups. The apparent contradiction between the results and the discrimination hypothesis proposed by Capaldi and Olivier (1967) to explain the attenuation of ITR and ITN effects on resistance to extinction is discussed. 相似文献
883.
D G Mook D Z Walshe P R Farris 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1975,88(2):785-795
Following water drprivation, rats with lateral preoptic (LPO) damage lose the normal preference for glucose solutions. Food deprivation reinstates the preference. This dependency is specific to sweet-tasting fluids, and the deficit persists even if thirst is alleviated prior to the preference test. Such rats will drink sweet solutions in response to intravascular fluid depletion, but they are deficient in response to sweet solutions under nondeprived conditions. This last finding in particular suggests that hunger and palatability, as determinants of the response to sweet solutions, may be dissociated by LPO damage. 相似文献
884.
The relationship of rigidity and creative perceptions of 214 Hungarian adolescent males and females was explored using a non-verbal test of rigidity (Breskin Rigidity Test) and a measure of creative perceptions (Something About Myself). Males and females were divided into Moderately Rigid and Low Rigid groups. An analysis of variance of the data showed no significant differences in creative perceptions relative to rigidity level, sex, or interaction of rigidity level and sex. 相似文献
885.
Dudek SZ 《Journal of personality assessment》1984,48(6):597-605
Analysis of the Rorschachs of 40 eminent male architects collected in 1959 revealed a highly consistent personality profile. The picture that emerges is of a person who appears to be ambitious, highly sensitive, intellectually and emotionally energetic, and reasonably well adjusted socially. His thinking is well oriented in reality. He prefers large scale conceptualizing to mundane 'concerns. There is evidence of conflict, tension, and a concern with emotional control. Feminine and exhibitionistic interests are exceptionally high and sources of inspiration appear to reside in unresolved sexual conflicts. The attitude toward the world is positive. The eminent male American architect at the turn of the Sixties believed in his own ability to create a truly superior environment. His conscious concerns were with creation rather than with self-confrontation. 相似文献
886.
Learning of a motor task, which consists of frontal balancing on a tilting platform, is analyzed, using a multiparameter approach. Findings point to spatiotemporal symmetry throughout the process, with a significant increase in the time on-balance score. The time course of variation of others parameters during the learning process as well as a consideration of which of these should be employed in future studies of dynamic balance, is discussed. 相似文献
887.
A major line of behavioral support for motor-program theory derives from evidence indicating that feedback does not influence the execution and control of limited duration movements. Since feedback cannot be utilized, the motor-program is assumed to act as the controlling agent. in a classic study, Keele and Posner observed that visual feedback had no effect on the accuracy of 190-msec single-aiming movements. Therefore visual feedback processing time is greater than 190 msec, and, more importantly, limited duration movements are governed by motor programs. In the present paper, we observed that visual feedback can affect the spatial accuracy of movement with durations much less than 190 msec. We hypothesize that visual feedback can aid motor control via processes not associated with intermittent error corrections. 相似文献
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890.
Some shock-generator circuits may deliver large transient surges at onset and termination. The sources of these surges are derivable from electromagnetic analysis of the circuits employed. Virtual elimination of the surges may be accomplished by a simple rearrangement of the switching portion of the circuit. 相似文献