十五游神仙,仙游未曾歇——李白的道缘与游仙诗境

李白一生与仙道结下了不解之缘,其立身行事及诗歌创作深受其影响.无论是在蜀中还是在"仗剑去国,辞亲远游"的漫游途中,他都乐于游名山探仙道,并结识了不少有名望的道士,如司马承祯、吴筠、元丹丘、胡紫阳等.李白的诗中多有神仙、紫霞、天宫楼阙、琼阁仙山等仙境的描述,足见李白对道教之倾心和道教对他的深刻影响.     

Psychological factors and depressive symptoms in ischemic heart disease.

The aim of this study was to determine whether learned helplessness, cognitive distortions, self-efficacy, and dispositional optimism assessed at Time 1 (T1; questionnaires mailed at 1 month postdischarge) would predict depressive symptoms at Time 2 (T2; questionnaires mailed at 1-year follow-up) in a sample of 86 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease. Multiple regression results indicated that optimism and cognitive distortions at T1 were significantly associated with T1 depressive symptoms after controlling for confounding variables. When the T1 psychological factors were analyzed with T2 depressive symptoms, only optimism continued to predict depressive symptoms after controlling for confounds and T1 depressive symptoms. The global expectancies that optimism assessed appeared to be more stable over time than the statelike beliefs of cognitive distortions and may have accounted for why optimism predicted T2 depressive symptoms.     

论中古时期出处思想的演变及其审美意蕴

出处关系是中国古代士人必须面对的基本问题,它对于士人心态具有深刻影响,由此又影响到审美思想.从魏晋到中晚唐的中古时期是出处关系从尖锐对抗到趋干和解的过程,从美学上讲,这一阶段也是中国美学从自觉到兴盛的过程.本文主要考察大隐、亦官亦隐和中隐的思想基础及其美学意蕴.     

Adulthood age differences in causal attributions for cognitive, physical, and social performance

Past research has revealed an unflattering pattern of attributions for the performance of the elderly. More specifically, poor performance by the elderly is attributed to internal and stable factors such as inability, whereas poor performance by the young is attributed to external and unstable factors such as bad luck. In the present study, 42 young (M age = 19.18 years) and 39 elderly (M age = 74.90 years) men and women made causal attributions for their own or for another person's hypothetical performance in the cognitive, physical, and social domains. When attributions for the same performance by young and elderly adults were compared, the results presented an unflattering view of the elderly, similar to the pattern in previous research. In contrast, when attributions for good versus poor performance by the elderly were compared, a more favorable picture emerged: The elderly were more likely to be given credit for their good performance than to be blamed for their poor performance. These findings give reason to question the pervasiveness of the negative view of the elderly that has been presented in previous studies.     

3—7岁儿童空间表象发展研究——并与8—13岁儿童空间表象特点比较

本实验是在8—13岁儿童空间表象发展研究的基础上进行的。共有200名被试,分5个年龄组,每组40人。分为两个单元,第一单元是以幼儿为对象重复对8—13岁儿童的实验,第二单元采用四个侧面都有鲜明特征的单个物体为刺激物。 实验结果进一步说明了知觉经验和物体的鲜明特征是儿童空间认知发展的重要因素;自我中心现象在8岁组表现最为突出;我国儿童解决三山课题的发展阶段与皮亚杰划分的阶段基本一致;发现解决三山课题的成绩与错误结果之间有两种不同性质的关系,8岁以后成绩的发展变化与脱中心化的倾向相应,7岁以前是与其他错误相应,7岁是两种性质的转换点。 研究数据提供了我国儿童解决三山课题的发展阶段和发展特点的资料。