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871.
872.
Differences in mother and father behavior during a triadic interaction session, and differences in mothers’ behavior across
triadic and dyadic interaction, were examined in 60 two-parent families with an 11- to 15-month-old child (30 boys, 30 girls).
Results revealed that mothers were less involved, less sensitive, and more negative during triadic than during dyadic interaction.
Mothers of sons displayed more emotion during triadic interaction than mothers of daughters did. Mothers were more involved
with children than fathers were during triadic interaction, whereas fathers displayed more emotion than mothers did during
triadic interaction. Fathers were more supportive of mothers, and mothers were more intrusive toward fathers, during triadic
interaction. The results are discussed in terms of the role that context plays in gender-typed patterns of family interaction. 相似文献
873.
Debra A. Murphy Ph.D. Kathleen J. Roberts Ph.D. Dannie Hoffman M.A. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(1):38-55
Little is known about the impact of maternal disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus on young children. The objective of this study was to explore this topic, utilizing in-depth qualitative interviews. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 47 mothers who had disclosed to their young, well child, and with the children. The most prevalent child response was anxiety, primarily focused on the mother's health and fear of her death. A number of children also worried about other people finding out, and seemed aware of the stigma surrounding HIV. For most children anxiety decreased over time, although for a small number it sustained and became maladaptive. The majority of children appeared to adjust well to maternal disclosure. Mothers who are planning to disclose their serostatus to their young children should be encouraged to plan for appropriate psychosocial follow-up following the disclosure, with special focus on the stigma associated with HIV. 相似文献
874.
Ratree P. Wayland Erin Eckhouse Linda Lombardino Rosalyn Roberts 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(6):465-484
This study investigated the relationship between speech perception, phonological processing and reading skills among school-aged children classified as ‘skilled’ and ‘less skilled’ readers based on their ability to read words, decode non-words, and comprehend short passages. Three speech perception tasks involving categorization of speech continua differing in voicing, place and manner of articulation were administered and compared to phonological processing skills in phonological awareness, speeded naming and verbal short-term memory. The results obtained suggested that (a) speech categorization among skilled readers differed from that of less skilled readers, (b) speech perception skills were associated with both reading and phonological processing skills among both skilled and less skilled readers, however, (c) a strong association between speeded naming and both word and passage reading skills found among skilled readers was absent among less skilled readers. These results suggested that phonological representations and/or activation may not be as well developed in less skilled readers. 相似文献
875.
Contextual variations in mother-child and father-child verbal communication were examined among 80 U.S. families from Kansas who were predominately Caucasian (85%) and middle-class. There were 41 girls and 39 boys between 15- and 18-months-old observed with their mothers and fathers in separate play and caregiving laboratory situations. Parent and child behaviors were coded for verbal initiation and response strategies. MANOVA’s revealed more differences between mother’s and father’s verbal communication strategies in the play context than the caregiving context. Boy’s and girl’s verbal communication was relatively similar across contexts. The interactions between gender and context are discussed in relation to gender role development in the family. 相似文献
876.
Eric L. Daleiden Dawn Pang Deborah Roberts Lesley A. Slavin Sarah L. Pestle 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(3):318-325
Within a comprehensive mental health service array for youth, Intensive Home Based Services (IHBS) are designed to meet the
needs of youth with significant emotional and behavioral problems in their home communities, avoiding the need for out-of-home
services, particularly residential care. We examined youth receiving IHBS as their first service in the state of Hawaii system
of care (N = 163) to determine how successful IHBS were in preventing the need for more restrictive services within 12 months of intake.
Subsequently, we investigated characteristics that might be predictive of a youth’s need for service intensification within
12 months. Logistic regression analyses found that greater age, level of service need, and functional impairment at intake
predicted use of more restrictive services within 12 months of intake, whereas gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, service intensity,
and clinician credentials did not. Overall, our findings suggested that IHBS were reasonably successful in preventing residential
placements, and provided some basis for determining characteristics of youth likely to require more restrictive placements
within a one year period. 相似文献
877.
Yelena P. Wu Brynne M. Messner Michael C. Roberts 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(3):203-210
Primary care physicians have an important role in identifying, treating, and referring children with psychosocial problems.
However, there is a limited literature describing whether and how family physicians address psychosocial problems and why
parents may not discuss children’s problems with physicians. The current study examined how family physicians address psychosocial
problems and reasons that parents do not discuss children’s psychosocial problems with physicians. Results indicated that
there are a variety of reasons involving parents, their perceptions of physicians, and the number of psychosocial problems
reported, that may lead to fewer discussions of psychosocial problems. 相似文献
878.
African American women (n = 42) and European American women (n = 46) were queried regarding their comfort level discussing various sexual health topics with hypothetical counselors who
were varied by race (African American vs. European American) or counseling value (culturally sensitive vs. knowledgeable).
Contrary to hypotheses, European American participants were more comfortable with the knowledgeable African American counselor
and the culturally sensitive European American counselor, while African American women showed no preference. Implications
are discussed for improving sexual health counseling services for African American and European American women with consideration
of client sexual attitude and race of counselor in order to reduce disparities in sexual health. 相似文献
879.
Recent studies have noted positive effects of red clothing on success in competitive sports, perhaps arising from an evolutionary predisposition to associate the color red with dominance status. Red may also enhance judgments of women's attractiveness by men, perhaps through a similar association with fertility. Here we extend these studies by investigating attractiveness judgments of both sexes and by contrasting attributions based on six different colors. Furthermore, by photographing targets repeatedly in different colors, we could investigate whether color effects are due to influences on raters or clothing wearers, by either withholding from raters information about clothing color or holding it constant via digital manipulation, while retaining color-associated variation in wearer's expression and posture. When color cues were available, we found color-attractiveness associations when males were judged by either sex, or when males judged females, but not when females judged female images. Both red and black were associated with higher attractiveness judgments and had approximately equivalent effects. Importantly, we also detected significant clothing color-attractiveness associations even when clothing color was obscured from raters and when color was held constant by digital manipulation. These results suggest that clothing color has a psychological influence on wearers at least as much as on raters, and that this ultimately influences attractiveness judgments by others. Our results lend support for the idea that evolutionarily-derived color associations can bias interpersonal judgments, although these are limited neither to effects on raters nor to the color red. 相似文献
880.
Eric W. Lindsey Penny R. Cremeens Yvonne M. Caldera 《Infant and child development》2010,19(2):142-160
This study examines the role that context plays in links between relative balance, or mutuality in parent–child interaction and children's social competence. Sixty‐three toddlers and their parents were observed in a laboratory play session and caregiving activity (i.e. eating snack). Mutuality was operationalised as the relative balance in (a) partners' compliance to initiations, and (b) partners' expression of positive emotion. Caregivers rated children's social competence with peers, and children's prosocial and aggressive behaviour with peers was observed in their childcare arrangement. Contextual differences were observed in the manifestation of parent–child mutuality, with both mother–child and father–child dyads displaying higher mutual compliance scores in the play context than in the caregiving context. Father–child dyads also displayed higher levels of shared positive emotion during play than during the caregiving context. There were no differences in a way that parent–child mutuality during play and caregiving was associated with children's social competence with peers. Overall, the results suggest that parent–child mutuality is a quality of parent–child interaction that has consistent links to children's peer competence regardless of the context in which it occurs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献