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161.
162.
Jongmans MJ Linthorst-Bakker E Westenberg Y Smits-Engelsman BC 《Human movement science》2003,22(4-5):549-566
Two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of a task-specific self-instruction intervention to improve handwriting ability of children with poor handwriting quality in schools for regular education (Study 1) and children with poor handwriting quality in schools for special education (Study 2). Study 1 showed that children with poor handwriting quality who received handwriting intervention on an individual basis for three months improved on average more on quality of writing than control children without handwriting problems who did not receive intervention. In contrast, the control group improved more in speed of writing after the intervention period. At an individual level, three out of the seven children with poor handwriting quality before intervention were not classified as such anymore after the intervention period. Study 2 showed that after six months of intervention in a group setting children with poor handwriting quality improved their quality of writing more so than children with poor handwriting quality who had not received intervention. On speed of handwriting no significant group differences emerged. We conclude that the task-oriented self-instruction method applied in this study seems to improve especially the quality of handwriting, not speed, of children initially identified as having poor handwriting quality. 相似文献
163.
Play with toys provides children with theopportunity to practice behaviors that have relevance togender role development. By 18 months, toddlersconsistently choose to play with sex-appropriate toys. This study was designed to investigate parents'and toddlers' initiation of play with baby dolls and astuffed clown to determine whether boys are providedwith the same opportunity for feminine play as girls are when playing with the same type oftoys. 42 parent toddler dyads from Caucasianmiddle-class families were observed playing with twobaby dolls and a soft stuffed clown for four minutes.Parent toddler play was coded for doll appropriate andinanimate object-type play. The baby dolls and the clownelicited different play behaviors from both the parentsand the toddlers. Same-sex dyads engaged in different types of play than opposite-sexparent toddler dyads. Findings of this study lendevidence that not all dolls are alike. Consequently,parents who provide their toddlers with baby dolls are providing different experiences from parentswho provide soft stuffed toys. Implications for genderrole development are discussed. 相似文献
164.
Yvonne Rogers 《Current Psychology》1986,5(2):105-118
This article shows how the study of graphic interfacing has great potential for being an important applied domain for testing,
evaluating, and implementing basic cognitive theories. It also describes various applications in which the inclusion of computer
graphics can be beneficial while being inappropriate for others. Emphasis is placed on the need for future developments to
be based on psychological and ergonomic principles in order that the merit of computer graphics is not based purely on cosmetic
grounds. Concomitantly, it is argued that academic research needs also to continue refining our understanding of human performance
and subsequently to direct these findings into a set of practical guidelines for designers. If this approach is taken, we
may indeed find ourselves in an Information Age in which the visual image is seen to be playing a much more prominent role.
In particular, the situation may arise in which tasks previously performed only through difficult and tedious programming
language will become more accessible through easy-to-use and enjoyable graphic interfaced systems. The ultimate challenge,
however, will be to see how the combination of visual and other forms of symbolic communication can be utilized at the interface,
in such a way that a variety of computer systems for a diversity of applications can be designed that will be readily accessible
to a greater number.
Ours is the visual age. We are bombarded with images from morning till night.
—Gombrich (1982) 相似文献
165.
Evidence for a visuo-spatial scratch-pad in working memory 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Eric W. Farmer Jonathan V. F. Berman Yvonne L. Fletcher 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1986,38(4):675-688
Experiments are reported which address the nature of the working memory system. Articulatory suppression (continuous recital of the digits 1 to 4) disrupted concurrent performance of a verbal reasoning task, but had no effect upon performance of a spatial reasoning task. In contrast, spatial suppression (continuous sequential tapping) produced reliable interference only with spatial reasoning. These findings are taken as consistent with Baddeley's argument for two slave systems in working memory: the articulatory loop and the more controversial visuo-spatial scratch-pad. 相似文献
166.
Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets Niels van de Ven Yvonne van der Velden 《Motivation and emotion》2016,40(3):455-463
The question what specific functions the production of emotional tears fulfills has received only limited attention of behavioral scientists. We report the results of two studies on the social impact of emotional tears. In Study 1 (96 Dutch females), perceived helplessness and felt connectedness predicted the willingness to help a person depicted as crying tearfully, while perceived friendliness did not. In Study 2 (US sample, 128 males, 68 females) all three of these variables mediated the effect the display of tears had on the willingness to help. Our results replicate and extend previous work and add to current knowledge by showing that tearful crying facilitates helping behavior and by identifying reasons why people are more willing to help criers. These findings help to put forth novel predictions on the impact of tearful crying on others. 相似文献
167.
Udo Konradt Yvonne Garbers Berrin Erdogan Talya Bauer 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2016,24(3):246-259
The justice literature, to date, shows that changes in fairness perceptions over time are consequential for job attitudes. However, few studies have been directed at explicating how fairness perceptions change over time or individual differences in patterns of change. The present research attempts to fill this gap by exploring patterns of temporal changes in fairness perceptions toward the selection process during a hiring process and potential determinants for such change. In a 3‐wave longitudinal study of the entire hiring process (pre‐, in‐, and post‐process) using a latent growth mixture modeling approach, different patterns of change in perceived fairness were modeled. In addition, the role of Big Five personality factors to predict classes of temporal patterns was examined. Results suggest that, on average, fairness perceptions declined in a non‐linear way over time, with high initial levels of fairness perception corresponding to a lower rate of decline, and vice versa. Four unique classes of applicants exhibiting different initial scores and growth of fairness perceptions were identified, which were predicted by the personality factors of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for fairness theory and future research. 相似文献
168.
It has frequently been suggested that the psychological consequences of involvement in new religious movements or cults can be profound for those who come into contact with them. To explore this further a study was carried out to investigate the relationship between personality, group membership of The Family (a new religious movement or cult) and mental health. Sixty six subjects (22 males, 44 females) in three different groups took part in this study. Group 1: Ex-members who felt negative about their involvement with The Family. Group 2: Present day members of The Family. Group 3: Ex-members who felt positive about their involvement with The Family. They completed two personality inventories (The Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire combined with the psychoticism scale of the Short Form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Beck Sociotrophy-Autonomy Scale). The results from this study were consistent with previous research indicating that experiences within the group increase social dependency and decrease autonomy for those who leave, whilst increasing the need for autonomous or individualistic achievement and lessening social conformity for present day members. This study suggests that some of the psychological difficulties which people have reported experiencing on leaving these groups are likely to be alleviated, to a degree, by time and from contact with a support group. 相似文献
169.
Valerie Braithwaite Toni Makkai Yvonne Pittelkow 《Journal of applied social psychology》1996,26(17):1536-1555
This paper addresses an ongoing debate concerning the dimensionality of Inglehart's (1971, 1977, 1981, 1990) concept of materialism-postmaterialism. According to Inglehart, this concept is unidimensional, distinct from the traditional left-right political belief continuum, and central to explaining the changes taking place in the values of advanced industrial societies. To date, the debate has sought answers in different item sets, factor analytic solutions, and rotations. This paper approaches the problem through psychological models of social values. Materialism-postmaterialism, it is argued, involves a prioritizing of values from two orthogonal value orientations which have grown out of the work of Rokeach (1973): national strength and order and international harmony and equality. 相似文献
170.
Hiram E. Fitzgerald Yvonne Brackbill 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1971,6(1):41-51
Tactile classical conditioning of an autonomic reflex (pupillary dilation and constriction) and a somatic response (eyeblinking) was attempted in two separate experiments with one-month-old infants. The tactile CS was effective for conditioning eyeblinking but was ineffective for elaborating conditional pupillary reflex dilation or constriction. These differences were related to the interaction between stimulus and response in infant conditioning and the source of nervous system innervation of the CR as it relates to conditionability. 相似文献