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41.
Academic-industry collaborations and the conflicts of interest (COI) arising out of them are not new. However, as industry
funding for research in the life and health sciences has increased and scandals involving financial COI are brought to the
public’s attention, demands for disclosure have grown. In a March 2008 American Council on Science and Health report by Ronald
Bailey, he argues that the focus on COI—especially financial COI—is obsessive and likely to be more detrimental to scientific
progress and public health than COI themselves. In response, we argue that downplaying the potential negative impact of COI
arising out of academic-industry relationships is no less harmful than overreacting to it.
相似文献
Yvette E. PearsonEmail: |
42.
Georgiou-Karistianis N Tang J Vardy Y Sheppard D Evans N Wilson M Gardner B Farrow M Bradshaw J 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(3):213-226
Previous studies on aging and attention typically examine group differences between younger and older adults, rather than seeing aging as a continuous process. Using correlational analyses, this study examined progressive changes in the magnitude of the attentional blink (AB) associated with aging. Increased age was found to be significantly associated with the ability to detect the second target (T2), whereby older age was correlated with the production of a longer and more pronounced AB; this supports the proposition that aging is associated with reduced inhibitory processes and selective attention. It was also found that AB performance somewhat improves between ages 18-39 years, but tends to decline from 40 years of age onward, providing an interesting and novel finding that AB effects may become more sensitive at this point in time. The AB task may prove useful in the assessment of selective attention in normal healthy adults, as well as changes associated with pathological aging. 相似文献
43.
Beth M. McManus Yvette Blanchard Natalie J. Murphy J. Kevin Nugent 《Infant mental health journal》2020,41(6):757-769
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of an infant mental health intervention, the Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO), versus usual care (UC) on infant neurodevelopment and maternal depressive symptoms in early intervention (EI). This multisite randomized trial enrolled newborns into the NBO (n = 16) or UC group (n = 22) and followed them for 6 months. Outcome measures included the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-2), Bayley Scales of Infants Development (BSID-III), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D and BSID-III were collected at 3- and 6-months post EI entry and the BDI-2 was collected at EI entry and 6-months post-EI entry. We estimated group differences [95% CI], adjusting for program characteristics. At 6 months, the NBO group had greater gains in Communication (b = 1.0 [0.2, 1.8]), Self-Care (b = 2.0 [0.1, 3.9]), Perception and Concepts (b = 2.0 [0.4, 3.6]), and Attention and Memory (b = 3.0 [0.4, 6.0]) than the UC group. The NBO group also had greater decline in maternal postnatal depressive symptoms (b = −2.0 [−3.7, −0.3]) than the UC group. Infants receiving the NBO infant mental health intervention had greater gains in cognitive and adaptive functions at 6 months than infants receiving UC. Caregivers receiving NBO care had greater improvements in maternal depressive symptoms than caregivers receiving UC. 相似文献
44.
Yvette J Tenney 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1975,19(1):100-114
Children in kindergarten, third, and sixth grade were asked to compose lists of words which would be easy to recall. Organizational strategies were assessed by comparing lists designed for recall with ordinary free associations and by observing whether the lists served as units of organization in a subsequent free recall task. A developmental trend toward insight into the role of organization in recall was found. Organization by taxonomic category was the major strategy for generating lists for recall. No evidence could be found for the prior strategic use of other relationships. 相似文献
45.
46.
Lawrence W Littig Juanita Allen Yvette M Briggs 《Journal of research in personality》1980,14(1):40-48
Effects of locus of control on physical self-perception of black men were examined in 1968 and 1975. Externally oriented subjects were hypothesized to perceive themselves to be more Negro in appearance than they were judged to be by observers. The hypothesis was tested by comparing the subjects' own appearance judgments with the mean judgment of three observers on a scale of 15 faces which changed incrementally from Negro to Caucasian. The hypothesis was contradicted in the 1968 study and supported in the 1975 study. These discrepant results were interpreted in terms in historical events at the time of data collection. 相似文献
47.
Yvette Brook 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(1):235-246
This research aims to gain new insight by exploring the thoughts, feelings and experiences of therapists working with clients who have autism. Three professional talking therapists participated in the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Six main themes and 13 sub-themes were found which include therapists’ validation of autism, how therapists integrated autism when addressing mental health problems, how their personal experiences of autism impacted on their work and how they experienced the situation in which autism emerges during the therapy. Helpful suggestions are made for clinicians, namely, to zoom-in and zoom-out of autism, hold the knowledge that people with autism process information differently, incorporate working with trauma, consider disclosing a personal connection to autism and consider carefully whether, or not, to tell a client that they may have autism. 相似文献
48.
Yvette Hinojosa Javier Cavazos Vela Federico Guerra James Whittenberg 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2019,47(2):90-107
The authors conducted a study to examine how the presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, hope, family importance, and enculturation influenced Latinx adolescent students’ depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Two regression models revealed there was a statistically significant relationship between predictor variables, life satisfaction, and depression. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the importance of these findings and recommendations for practice and research. Los autores llevaron a cabo un estudio para examinar cómo la presencia de sentido en la vida, la búsqueda de sentido en la vida, la esperanza, la importancia de la familia y la enculturación influyeron en los síntomas depresivos y satisfacción vital de estudiantes adolescentes Latinx. Dos modelos de regresión revelaron que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de predicción, la satisfacción vital y la depresión. Este artículo concluye con una discusión en torno a la importancia de estos hallazgos, así como recomendaciones para la práctica y la investigación. 相似文献
49.
Semin GR Higgins T de Montes LG Estourget Y Valencia JF 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2005,89(1):36-45
In 3 experiments, the authors investigated how strategic inclinations associated with promotion versus prevention orientations--that is, eager approach versus vigilant avoidance, respectively--affect the use of language. It is hypothesized that eager promotion strategies used to attain desired end states entail using more abstract language than used with vigilant prevention strategies. This is shown to hold for experimentally induced relationship goals (Experiment 1) and communication goals (Experiment 2). In the 3rd experiment, the authors examined the impact of abstractly and concretely worded messages upon the behavioral intentions of chronically prevention- and promotion-oriented individuals and found support for the hypothesis that behavioral intentions to engage in specific activities are stronger when there is a fit between message wording and chronic orientation than when there is no fit. The broader implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Shauna M. Cooper Charity Brown Isha Metzger Yvette Clinton Barbara Guthrie 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(1):15-29
The current investigation explores the promotive and protective role of family and community-specific social support on the association between perceived racial discrimination and African American adolescents’ adjustment (e.g., depressive symptoms, school suspensions, school engagement). One thousand nine-hundred forty-two African American adolescents (ages 12–18, M = 15.12; SD = 1.83; 59 % female) from a large Midwestern city participated in this investigation. Regression analyses revealed that perceived racial discrimination was associated with less positive adjustment outcomes for boys and girls. Additionally, there was partial support for gender variation in the promotive role of social support and adolescent adjustment. In particular, while only maternal support was associated with boys’ adjustment, both maternal and paternal support was associated with girls’ adjustment. Also, there was partial support for gender differentiation in the strength and directionality of protective factors. Though in an unpredicted direction, father support moderated the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and girls’ adjustment. Community supports (religious connection and mentor presence) emerged as protective factors for boys’. Findings highlight the role of gender in understanding potential promotive and protective factors for African American adolescents. 相似文献