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991.
The complementary role of static and dynamic information used when one needs to be located in time was studied. Static information refers to temporal knowledge about days of the week, and dynamic information reflects a sense of time, taking into account the present, the near past, and the future. Each day of an actual 7-day wk., 699 women and 620 men were asked to provide a "right" or "wrong" response to a statement such as "Today is X," where X was the name of one of the seven days of the week. Analysis suggested use of a structured temporal representation of the week: the weekend, a landmark, had an anchoring role. Also the dynamics of the content of working memory were indicated. The active "temporal window" participants hold in mind seems directed more towards the future than the past. Results are discussed within the more general context of time management. 相似文献
992.
Philippe Couton Stéphanie Gaudet 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2008,9(1):21-44
The social engagement of Canada’s immigrants continues to be the subject of debates. Most studies indicate a lower level of involvement, particularly for recent immigrants. This article investigates the possible causes of this lower participation by analyzing data from the 1998 General Social Survey (GSS), which provides precise measures of two different types of social engagement: volunteering and social participation. Three results stand out. First, formal volunteering and broader social participation do not display the same level of variability across groups. Second, the positive family effect usually observed does not apply to immigrants: the presence of children does not significantly increase their social engagement. Third, there is a strong gender component: whereas Canadian women are more likely to participate, immigrant women are not. Other factors (age, income, education), on the other hand, do seem to apply to both groups. We suggest that these results contribute to a new explanation of immigrant social engagement: Rather than being marked by a general immigration differential, newcomers to Canada seem to be left out of very specific, gender-influenced modes of participation, specifically, those related to the family, children, and schooling. 相似文献
993.
Maria João Carvalho Inês Faustino Ana Nascimento Célia Maria Dias Sales 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2008,8(3):166-173
This article reports an effectiveness case study of the individual systemic therapy of a 22‐year‐old Portuguese woman with a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder, conducted in a university‐based clinic in Lisbon, Portugal. Data were analysed using the hermeneutic single‐case efficacy design, a non‐experimental interpretive approach that aims to determine whether change occurred, whether change was due to therapeutic strategies, and what in therapy caused the change. Results indicate that the treatment was effective and that de‐pathologising Pamina's condition and genogram‐based exploration techniques played a crucial role in her recovery. 相似文献
994.
This article examines the importance of semantic processes in the recognition of emotional expressions, through a series of three studies on false recognition. The first study found a high frequency of false recognition of prototypical expressions of emotion when participants viewed slides and video clips of nonprototypical fearful and happy expressions. The second study tested whether semantic processes caused false recognition. The authors found that participants made significantly higher error rates when asked to detect expressions that corresponded to semantic labels than when asked to detect visual stimuli. Finally, given that previous research reported that false memories are less prevalent in younger children, the third study tested whether false recognition of prototypical expressions increased with age. The authors found that 67% of eight- to nine-year-old children reported nonpresent prototypical expressions of fear in a fearful context, but only 40% of 6- to 7-year-old children did so. Taken together, these three studies demonstrate the importance of semantic processes in the detection and categorization of prototypical emotional expressions. 相似文献
995.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, intuition is “the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning.” In other words, people
continuously, without conscious attention, recognize patterns in the stream of sensations that impinge upon them. The result
is a vague perception of coherence, which subsequently biases thought and behavior accordingly. Within the visual domain,
research using paradigms with difficult recognition has suggested that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) serves as a fast detector
and predictor of potential content that utilizes coarse facets of the input. To investigate whether the OFC is crucial in
biasing task-specific processing, and hence subserves intuitive judgments in various modalities, we used a difficult-recognition
paradigm in the auditory domain. Participants were presented with short sequences of distorted, nonverbal, environmental sounds
and had to perform a sound categorization task. Imaging results revealed rostral medial OFC activation for such auditory intuitive
coherence judgments. By means of a conjunction analysis between the present results and those from a previous study on visual
intuitive coherence judgments, the rostral medial OFC was shown to be activated via both modalities. We conclude that rostral
OFC activation during intuitive coherence judgments subserves the detection of potential content on the basis of only coarse
facets of the input. 相似文献
996.
Ebenézer A. de Oliveira Fernando C. Barros Luciana D. da Silva Anselmi Cesar A. Piccinini 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(5):631-642
Based on Bronfenbrenner's (1999) ecological perspective, a longitudinal, prospective model of individual differences in the quality of home environment (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment—HOME) was tested in a sample of 179 Brazilian children and their families. Perinatal measures of family socioeconomic status (SES) and child birth weight had direct effects on HOME at preschool age. As either family SES or child birth weight increased, HOME also increased through diminished emotional distress in the mother a month following childbirth. SES had a negative effect on number of children in the household, which in turn had a long-term negative impact on HOME. Compared to mothers who had reported not to plan their pregnancy, those who did were more likely to have fewer children, to report more spouse support during childbearing, and to show less emotional distress a month after childbirth, all of which also influenced HOME at preschool age. These findings are discussed in light of the broader socio-ecological Brazilian context, with direct implications to clinical practice aimed at improving the quality of home environment. 相似文献
997.
Frédérique Robin 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2006,60(3):221-236
This paper deals with French norms for mental image versus picture agreement for 138 pictures and the imagery value for 138 concrete words and 69 abstract words. The pictures were selected from Snodgrass et Vanderwart's norms (1980). The concrete words correspond to the dominant naming response to the pictorial stimuli. The abstract words were taken from verbal associative norms published by Ferrand (2001). The norms were established according to two variables: 1) mental image vs. picture agreement, and 2) imagery value of words. Three other variables were controlled: 1) picture naming agreement; 2) familiarity of objects referred to in the pictures and the concrete words, and 3) subjective verbal frequency of words. The originality of this work is to provide French imagery norms for the three kinds of stimuli usually compared in research on dual coding. Moreover, these studies focus on figurative and verbal stimuli variations in visual imagery processes. 相似文献
998.
Guido Van Steendam Guido Van Steendam András Dinnyés Jacques Mallet Rolando Meloni Carlos Romeo Casabona Jorge Guerra González Josef Kuře Eörs Szathmáry Jan Vorstenbosch Péter Molnár David Edbrooke Judit Sándor Ferenc Oberfrank Ron Cole-Turner István Hargittai Beate Littig Miltos Ladikas Emilio Mordini Hans E. Roosendaal Maurizio Salvi Balázs Gulyás Diana Malpede 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(3):415-420
999.
Dorothée Legrand 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2006,5(1):89-118
A bodily self is characterized by pre-reflective bodily self-consciousness that is “immune to error through misidentification.” To this end, the body's double involvement in consciousness is considered: it can experience objects intentionally and itself non-intentionally. Specifically, pre-reflective bodily self-consciousness, by contrast with the consciousness of the body that happens to be one's own, consists in experiencing one's body as the point of convergence of action and perception. Neither proprioception alone nor intention alone is sufficient to underlie this pre-reflective bodily self-consciousness. Rather, it is made possible thanks to a sensori-motor integration, allowing a sensitivity to the sensory consequences of one's action, through action monitoring. 相似文献
1000.
Vítor Gamboa Catarina Luzia de Carvalho Joana Soares Suzi Rodrigues Maria do Céu Taveira Ana Daniela Silva 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2024,61(1):59-72
This study describes the validity and reliability evidence of the multidimensional measure of employability (MME) based on the internal structure and relations to career self-efficacy and career success. Two hundred forty seven Portuguese persons (75.7% women) aged from 21–73 years old (M = 39.9, SD = 10.9) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested adequate fit in the correlational and hierarchical models. Measurement reliability was good for total score and each factor. Correlations with the additional measures provided evidence of validity. MME provides a tool for research and career counseling, enabling comprehensive employability assessment and personalized interventions, while recognising the interplay between employability dimensions. 相似文献