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91.
The aim of this work is to understand how face processing develops from birth to 4 months by modelling some face processing abilities of infants between these ages. The neural model reproduces experimental data regarding both visual preferences at birth and right hemisphere behaviour in 4‐month‐old infants. The model shows that two basic properties may be sufficient to simulate face preference at birth: (a) tuning selectivity of visual neurons for spatial frequencies and (b) limited vision (CSF) of newborns. Three additional properties are sufficient to match experimental data on face processing at 4 months: (c) plasticity of lateral connections as modelled by Bayesian networks, (d) amplification of eye importance and (e) mother bias induced by the high probability of seeing mother’s face. These conditions suggest that the neural substratum for face processing could be, at birth, the retina‐V1/V2‐colliculus system, and at 4 months, the activation of the RH face‐Fusiform area, with configural representations stored in lateral connections. 相似文献
92.
Characterizations of Preferential Entailments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
93.
It is commonly accepted that phonology is the exclusive domain of the left hemisphere. However, this pattern of lateralization, which posits a right visual field advantage, has been questioned by several studies. In fact, certain factors such as characteristics of the stimuli and subjects' handedness can modulate the right visual field advantage. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the hemispheric dynamics of right-handers and left-handers during a divided visual field presentation of words that varied in terms of their phonological transparency. For non-transparent words, the left hemisphere seems more competent in both handedness groups. With regard to transparent words, the right hemisphere of both groups also appears competent. Surprisingly, left-handers achieved optimal processing with a functionally isolated left hemisphere, whereas right-handers needed the participation of both hemispheres. The pattern of performance cannot be fully explained by either the callosal or the direct access model. 相似文献
94.
Yves Rosseel 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2002,46(2):178-210
Many currently popular models of categorization are either strictly parametric (e.g., prototype models, decision bound models) or strictly nonparametric (e.g., exemplar models) (F. G. Ashby & L. A. Alfonso-Reese, 1995, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 39, 216-233). In this article, a family of semiparametric classifiers is investigated where categories are represented by a finite mixture distribution. The advantage of these mixture models of categorization is that they contain several parametric models and nonparametric models as a special case. Specifically, it is shown that both decision bound models (F. G. Ashby & W. T. Maddox, 1992, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 598-612; 1993, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 37, 372-400) and the generalized context model (R. M. Nosofsky, 1986, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 39-57) can be interpreted as two extreme cases of a common mixture model. Furthermore, many other (semiparametric) models of categorization can be derived from the same generic mixture framework. In this article, several examples are discussed and a parameter estimation procedure for fitting these models is outlined. To illustrate the approach, several specific models are fitted to a data set collected by S. C. McKinley and R. M. Nosofsky (1995, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 128-148). The results suggest that semi-parametric models are a promising alternative for future model development. 相似文献
95.
In the study reported in this paper, we investigated the categorization of well-known and novel food items in the categories fruits and vegetables. Predictions based on Nosofsky’s (1984, 1986) generalized context model (GCM), on a multiplicative-similarity prototype model, and on an instantiation model as applied in Storms, De Boeck, and Ruts (2001) were compared. Despite suggestions in the literature that prototype models predict categorization from large categories better than exemplar models do, our results showed that the exemplar-based GCM yielded clearly better predictions than did a (multiplicative-similarity) prototype model. 相似文献
96.
The occurrence of a right-hemisphere lesion can interfere with pragmatic abilities and particularly with the processing of non-literal speech acts in which the listener has to identify the speaker's intention. The aim of this study was to test RHD subjects' ability to process non-literal speech acts. A chronometric approach to RHD and matched control performance showed that RHD subjects are impaired in the processing of non-literal speech, though they are also sensitive to the hierarchy of complexity among types. Only the processing of indirect speech acts was not shown to differ from that of normals, probably because the stimuli were of the conventional type. These results show the relevancy of a chronometric approach. They also emphasize the importance of further studying RHD subjects' ability to attribute intentions to protagonists in a short story. 相似文献
97.
Lacouture and Marley (1991, 1995, 2001) have successfully modeled the probabilities of correct responses and the mean correct response times (RTs) in unidimensional absolute identification tasks for various stimulus ranges and stimulus/response set sizes, for individual and group data. These fits include those to a set of phenomena often referred to as end-anchor effects. A revised model, with the independent accumulator decision process replaced by a leaky competing accumulator decision process, fits the probabilities of correct responses and the full distributions of RTs in unidimensional absolute identification. The revised model is also applied successfully to a particular class of unidimensional categorization tasks. We discuss possible extensions for handling sequential effects in unidimensional absolute identification, and other extensions of the given class of categorization tasks that are of potential empirical and theoretical importance as a supplement to the study of multidimensional absolute identification tasks. 相似文献
98.
Psychometrika - We propose a two-step procedure to estimate structural equation models (SEMs). In a first step, the latent variable is replaced by its conditional expectation given the observed... 相似文献
99.
Atypical inter‐hemispheric communication correlates with altered motor inhibition during learning of a new bimanual coordination pattern in developmental coordination disorder 下载免费PDF全文
Mélody Blais David Amarantini Jean‐Michel Albaret Yves Chaix Jessica Tallet 《Developmental science》2018,21(3)
Impairment of motor learning skills in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has been reported in several studies. Some hypotheses on neural mechanisms of motor learning deficits in DCD have emerged but, to date, brain‐imaging investigations are scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess possible changes in communication between brain areas during practice of a new bimanual coordination task in teenagers with DCD (n = 10) compared to matched controls (n = 10). Accuracy, stability and number of mirror movements were computed as behavioural variables. Neural variables were assessed by electroencephalographic coherence analyses of intra‐hemispheric and inter‐hemispheric fronto‐central electrodes. In both groups, accuracy of the new coordination increased concomitantly with right intra‐hemispheric fronto‐central coherence. Compared to typically developing teenagers, DCD teenagers presented learning difficulties expressed by less stability, no stabilization of the new coordination and a greater number of mirror movements despite practice. These measures correlated with reduced inter‐hemispheric communication, even after practice of the new coordination. For the first time, these findings provide neuro‐imaging evidence of a kind of inter‐hemispheric ‘disconnection’ related to altered inhibition of mirror movements during motor learning in DCD. 相似文献
100.