基诺族初中学生的性格特点和发展及其与当地汉生的比较

此项研究用研究者自己编制并通过专家鉴定的性格测量工具对１３９个基诺族和１１２个当地汉族初中生的性格进行测查。结果表明：基诺族初中生的性格确有许多特点,但和汉生也有共同性,而且共性多于差异。两个民族初中生的性格都在稳定中有部分变化发展,但变化的程度、内容、趋势、进程不同。两个民族初中生的性格,一年级差异较大,二年级以后差异明显减少。差异的减少和共同性的增加,有的是由于汉生向基诺生靠拢,有的是双方互相接近,更多是基诺生接近于汉生。     

从摩梭人的词汇看人类概念的发展

通过调查摩梭人的词汇研究人类概念的发展。摩梭人到本世纪七十年代还盛行母系家 庭,至今没有文字。调查方法是从小学汉语文课本中选出一批常用词汇,把当地摩梭和汉两种 语文水平最高的几个知识分子请到一起,逐词逐字地共同讨论,核实提供调查的词汇在摩梭 语中是否有对应词。不论有无对应词均以全体同意为准。结果表明,摩梭人词汇数量较少,范 围较窄,概括和具体化的程度都不高。作者认为,由摩梭词汇标志的概念发展状况,可作人类 概念发展早期的一个例证。     

领导者底线心智对团队创新的双刃剑效应

底线心智是一种以获取底线利润结果为中心,而忽略其他一切竞争事项优先权(如企业社会责任、利益相关者权益、员工福利等)的单维思维模式。虽然底线心智可能导致管理者只注重绩效而忽视其他对企业有利的重要事项,甚至采取不道德的手段来实现目标,但研究也表明底线心智能够提高员工工作专注度进而提升绩效。为进一步推进底线心智双刃剑效应的研究,本文构建了领导者底线心智对团队创新双刃剑效应的影响机制模型,指出领导者底线心智一方面抑制了团队风险承担意愿,进而相比于探索式创新更有益于利用式创新;另一方面能够激发团队强迫激情,从而相比于团队创意产生更有利于团队创意实施。本文为深化底线心智领域的研究提供了参考,也为组织和领导者如何更好管理底线心智提供了重要建议。     

Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods,Curriculum, and Lessons Learned

This article describes an initiative to train public sector clinicians in competency-based clinical supervision. It was delivered as an 18-session course taught online to clinicians employed in departments of behavioral health in nine Southern California counties. The curriculum was co-constructed by a team of clinical supervision scholars and leaders who then served as instructors. Each two-hour meeting addressed a specific topic for which a training video had been prepared, usually featuring a member of the training team who had expertise in that topic. The second part of each meeting focused on a class member’s supervision case presentation. Those presentations revealed 35 themes; the four most frequently occurring were: developing supervisees’ clinical competencies, addressing countertransference and parallel process, balancing clinical and administrative supervisory roles, and addressing record keeping/paperwork. Participants’ pre-to-post supervisory self-efficacy changes demonstrated a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d?=?.46) for the training, with the greatest pre- to post-training changes being in the use of technology, multicultural competencies (awareness of oppression, bias, and stereotyping in clinical work and in clinical supervision), and contracting. They reported that the strengths of the course included an inclusive learning environment and opportunities to reflect on and apply new knowledge and skills, though they also reported struggling with the assignments and the course platform software. Lessons learned reflected the use of technology in this online program, the importance of obtaining buy-in from agency decision makers and being prepared to address challenges related to the use of direct observation in supervision, gatekeeping, and enacting the simultaneous roles of administrative and clinical supervisor.

     

Correction to: Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods,Curriculum, and Lessons Learned

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-021-09504-9     

论宗教仪式行为对藏民族特性的形塑作用

宗教仪式在藏族人的宗教生活中具有突出的地位,对藏民族特性的形塑具有重要作用.已有的研究大多从宗教信仰意识的角度分析宗教对藏民族特性的影响,忽略了从宗教仪式行为角度透视宗教与藏民族特性的关系.本文试图在宗教仪式行为与藏民族特性的双向互动关系中集中分析藏族宗教仪式对藏民族特性的影响.     

8岁到成年期工作记忆广度的发展

工作记忆与认知能力、智力和学习能力有密切的联系.本研究采用横断研究的方法,测量了213名8岁到成年期被试的数字、词语和视空间工作记忆广度,探查了工作记忆广度的发展情况.结果发现,数字工作记忆广度在此期间持续增长,词语广度在18岁达到最高,视空间工作记忆广度在14-16岁达到高峰.不同任务的工作记忆广度具有相似的发展趋势,但工作记忆的平均广度分数与Pascual-Leone模型的预测并不一致.     

Multiple contest experiences interact to influence each other’s effect on subsequent contest decisions in a mangrove killifish

Many animals modify behavioural decisions based on information they have previously acquired. Contest behaviour is often affected by previous contest experiences: individuals behave more and less aggressively after a victory and defeat, respectively (winner/loser effect). Individuals in the field sometimes encounter multiple competitors in quick succession, but whether these experiences interact to influence each other’s importance is unclear. We tested five hypotheses for experience interaction (no interaction, retroactive interference, proactive interaction, reinforcement and diminishing returns) using Kryptolebias marmoratus. Focal individuals were paired up with opponents having the same 1-month contest outcome (1 month before the experiment), as this difference in actual or perceived fighting ability has been shown to affect the fish’s response to new experiences. We gave the focal individual of a pair a winning or losing experience on day 1. Then both fish of the pair received the same winning, losing or no-contest experience on day 2. Then we organised fights between the two. The effect of a day-1 losing experience did depend on the fish’s actual or perceived fighting ability: one-month losers readily showed loser effects from the day-1 losing experience, irrespective of the day-2 experience (i.e. no interaction between day-1 and day-2 experiences). One-month winners, however, only showed loser effects from a day-1 losing experience when the day-2 experience was also a loss (i.e. reinforcement). Day-1 winning experiences did not interact with day-2 experiences in 1-month losers or winners. Therefore, multiple experiences sometimes reinforce each other, but how they combine to influence behaviour depends on an individual’s actual or perceived fighting ability.     

生物反馈疗法对大学生考试焦虑的治疗作用

探讨生物反馈疗法对大学生考试焦虑的治疗作用。在某大学随机抽取学生1500名,采用考试焦虑量表进行筛查,选取焦虑组和对照组各30名。利用生物反馈疗法进行干预,采用脑电α波相对功率、肌电和皮电导联进行检测,每周2次,持续4周。结果表明：1.经过4周的干预,焦虑组干预前后各生理指标存在差异;2.生物反馈疗法干预考试焦虑在疗效上存在性别差异。结论：生物反馈疗法能有效降低大学生考试焦虑水平,对其治疗取得良好的效果。     

慧远研究三题

一、慧远大师的籍贯《高僧传》记载慧远大师的籍贯是“雁门楼烦人”,但是有关“雁门楼烦”在哪里却有种种不同的说法。在关于慧远大师的种种著作和文章中,我们常常看到这样一些陈述:“今山西宁武人”①、“今山西代县人”②、“今山西原平县东北人”③、“今山西原平县崞阳镇东人”④等说法。本人于2002年在东林寺纪念堂中慧远胞弟慧持简介中将其籍贯写成是“宁武人”。为此,笔者撰文《慧远大师籍贯考》刊于《世界宗教研究》2000年第三期上,考证慧远大师的籍贯是今山西省原平县大芳乡茹岳村人,认为《魏书地形志》有关记载正是大师在世时籍贯…