A preliminary study on the concept of health among the Chinese

In this qualitative study, lay people's conceptions of health were explored through focus group discussions. Two hundred and one college students and 45 community female adults participated in the groups and they were considered as informants. Content analysis supported a four-dimensional model of health, hierarchically organized to represent clinical health, role health, adaptive health and well-being health. Although such a multidimensional model of health was similar to the Western models in structure, Chinese conceptions of health placed far greater emphases on social harmony and being at ease with life. The unique Chinese heritage of the Yin-Yang theory, its emphasis on homeostasis, and the characteristic Confucian values of social orientation were further discussed in the context of health.     

不同类型的测评维度对评价中心结构效度的影响研究

本研究将测评维度分为行为能力和心理特质两组,考察对评价中心结构效度的不同影响。A公司216名部门副经理级员工接受了本次管理素质评价中心测评,采用公文筐、角色扮演和无领导小组讨论三种方法,测查行为能力和心理特质两组维度,各自有三个维度被一种以上的方法测量。多质多法和验证性因素分析的结果表明,评价中心以行为能力比以心理特质为测评维度结构效度好;以行为能力为测评维度时,会聚效度和区分效度都较好。     

品牌信任结构及其测量研究

品牌信任就是在风险情境下,消费者基于对品牌品质、行为意向及其履行承诺的能力的正面预期而产生的认可该品牌的意愿。在文献研究和关键事件访谈的基础上,通过筛选条目、形成初步问卷、预测验和正式测验等程序,经探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,发现品牌信任由品牌品质信任、品牌善意信任和品牌能力信任等三个维度构成。用于测量品牌信任的量表由21个条目组成,量表具有较好的信度和效度。     

脑损伤和年老化研究的新视角——认知储备

认知储备是个体通过使用不同的大脑网络使成绩最优化的能力,反映了个体认知策略的选择。它最初来自临床心理学的观察,即个体的脑病理或脑损伤的程度与其临床表现之间没有直接的相关关系,包括储备和补偿两种机制。个体的受教育程度、职业水平、智力水平、健康状况、智力活动等都能反映其认知储备能力。对老年人和AD患者的人口统计学和脑成像研究表明,个体的认知储备能力越强,延缓其认知老化(或AD)的可能性就越大。     

组织学习研究的争议

组织学习的研究对于当今企业乃至整个社会的可持续性发展都有着重要意义。文章从组织学习的概念、研究、实施和新进展等方面对组织学习的研究进行评论。评论指出,组织学习与学习型组织二者是有很大差别的两个概念,绝不可以混淆;学者和实践者会从不同角度和使用不同方法来探讨组织学习;而组织学习这种组织变革方式与组织的现有政治权力是密切联系在一起的;无论是理论还是实践,都需要建立综合的组织学习机制模型     

太虚净土思想的合理性意蕴

太虚以综合“因缘生、唯识现”原理的如来藏为贯穿净土世界与生命的形上理性;落实为净土实践法门,开展出层次丰富、崇尚入世的伦理。作为价值合理性行为的净土伦理实践,与世间伦理统一而斥逐巫术。净土信仰的入世转向,鼓励因果律原则的现实运用,解释过去,预测未来,创造新因以求新果,具备工具合理性特征。太虚对理智与德性分裂弊端的洞见,及契合科学世界观的自觉努力,为他的净土思想更添重要的启迪意义。     

Sociolinguistic awareness and false belief in young Cantonese learners of English

In this study, we examined whether sociolinguistic awareness and false belief were uniquely related in 3- and 4-year-old Cantonese-speaking children learning English as a second language. The English-use background of these children varied so that they possessed sociolinguistic awareness to different degrees. Results indicated that sociolinguistic awareness predicted false belief uniquely after controlling for age, nonverbal intelligence, English vocabulary, and family income for both the second language learners and the more balanced bilinguals. The group difference in false belief was adequately explained by the corresponding difference in sociolinguistic awareness over and above the other variables. Such findings provide evidence for the claim that false belief understanding is critically related to sociolinguistic awareness, which in turn is influenced by how a second language is learned.     

作为文本指向型哲学的中期柏拉图主义

和中期柏拉图主义相关的许多研究都是从学说角度展开的,这些研究假设了中期柏拉图主义的多样性,但却无法说明各种中期柏拉图主义学说为何会被统称为柏拉图主义。为了从一个统一的角度理解作为一个整体的中期柏拉图主义,本文假设古希腊哲学可以分为事实指向型和文本指向型两种形态,它们代表了做哲学的两种不同方式。中期柏拉图主义属于文本指向型哲学,以对柏拉图哲学对话的评注为做哲学的首要任务,因而这些评注活动强调柏拉图及其文本的权威地位。本文认为,我们应当在评注活动的语境中来理解柏拉图的权威,柏拉图的权威本质上是知识取向的,而非道德取向的。     

Can a self-propelled box have a goal? Psychological reasoning in 5-month-old infants

Some researchers have suggested that infants' ability to reason about goals develops as a result of their experiences with human agents and is then gradually extended to other agents. Other researchers have proposed that goal attribution is rooted in a specialized system of reasoning that is activated whenever infants encounter entities with appropriate features (e.g., self-propulsion). The first view predicts that young infants should attribute goals to human but not other agents; the second view predicts that young infants should attribute goals to both human and nonhuman agents. The present research revealed that 5-month-old infants (the youngest found thus far to attribute goals to human agents) also attribute goals to nonhuman agents. In two experiments, infants interpreted the actions of a self-propelled box as goal-directed. These results provide support for the view that from an early age, infants attribute goals to any entity they identify as an agent.     

Are false memories more difficult to forget than accurate memories? The effect of retention interval on recall and recognition

What is the effect of retention interval on accurate and false recollection in the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) procedure? Previous research has suggested that false recall is more persistent than accurate recall, but the recognition results have been inconsistent. In two parametric studies, we tested recall and recognition for the same DRM lists, over retention intervals that ranged from no delay to a 2-month delay. We found that accurate and false memory were diminished by increases in retention interval, false memory persistence was present for recall and recognition, greater persistence for false memory than for accurate memory was more readily observed for recall than recognition, and the highthreshold (Pr), signal detection (d’), and nonparametric (A’) recognition measures differed in their sensitivity for detecting change. The effect of retention interval on accurate and false memory is consistent with expectations from fuzzy trace theory. In the DRM procedure, truth is not more memorable than fiction.