卫生服务公平性--政府职能与作用研究

我国的卫生服务面临许多问题,包括区域规划不合理、资源严重不足但又存在浪费等,突出的是公平性问题.要解决这些问题不能只依靠市场机制,必须发挥政府的职能与作用,通过立法、加强监督管理、增加投入、卫生规划等手段发展医疗卫生事业,逐步实现卫生服务的公平性.     

小学儿童汉语语音意识的发展

运用纵向与横向研究探讨了小学一年级儿童汉语语音意识发展的过程和小学一、三、五年级儿童汉语语音意识的年级差异。结果表明。在汉语语音意识各任务上,刚入学儿童的反应都处于随机的水平,其后声调意识先于其他语音意识而发展,其次为首音-韵脚意识,音位意识发展得最迟。     

小学生数学应用题解决的认知机制研究

研究的目的是探讨影响小学生应用题解决的认知因素及其作用机制。采用自编的应用题解决问卷对183名小学生进行了测量和统计分析。结果表明：情境理解、问题表征、问题归类、解题计划和自我评价是影响小学生应用题解决的主要认知因素。其中,情境理解首先影响问题表征、问题归类、解题计划和自我评价,后四个因素又进一步影响解题成绩。     

高中生认知方式特点及其与学绩关系的研究

采用认知方式图形测验,对94名普通高中生进行实验研究,探讨了当前普通高中生认知方式特点及其与学绩的关系。结果表明：随着年级的增高,高中生的场独立性增强。高中生的认知方式场依存性、场独立性与学习成绩的相关不显著。在初中毕业刚进入高中,学生的认知方式存在显著的性别差异,但随着年级增长、个体成熟,这种差异逐渐缩小。文理分科对高中生的认知方式发展没有明显的影响。     

加法和乘法算式的表征方式

探讨加法和乘法算式的心理表征方式问题 ,检验加法和乘法算式表征分离假设 :对于加法算式主要形成视觉 -阿拉伯数字表征 ,对于乘法算式主要形成听觉 -言语表征。要求 2 4位大学生 (男女生各半 )回答一位数加法和乘法问题 (例如 ,2 +3 ,2× 3) ,这些问题中的算数用阿拉伯数字 (1～ 9)呈现或者汉字数字 (壹～玖 )呈现。结果是与阿拉伯数字条件相比 ,汉字数字条件对加法问题产生更大的影响 ,这与假设一致 ,支持Campbell等人的编码复杂性假设 (Encodingcomplexhypothesis) ,但又具体化和发展了这一假设     

关于定州汉墓竹简《论语》的几个问题

1973年定州汉墓出土竹简《论语》是现今所见最早的《论语》抄本,通过统计对照简文避讳用字,我们认为定州汉墓竹简《论语》当属汉高祖刘邦时期抄本。因为《古论》是汉武帝时期才出现,而《鲁论》与《齐论》的产生年代又晚于《古论》,所以竹简《论语》已经超出了传统已知汉代三论的范围,属汉初今文隶书《论语》。     

How expected evaluation influences creativity: Regulatory focus as moderator

Two studies investigated the effect of expected evaluation and regulatory focus on individuals’ creative performance. In both studies, first, the type of evaluation (informational versus controlling) was manipulated, and then regulatory focus was measured as an individual difference (in Study 1) or induced as a state using a pencil-and-paper maze task (in Study 2). Results provided evidence that participants who expect an informational evaluation were more likely to adopt an eager strategy; whereas participants who expected a controlling evaluation were more likely to adopt a vigilant strategy. Furthermore, participants in promotion-informational and prevention-controlling groups (regulatory fit conditions) performed more creatively than those in promotion-controlling and prevention-informational groups (regulatory non-fit conditions). In sum, the present findings contribute to a better understanding of how external evaluations and basic motivational orientations influence creative performance.     

农民工情绪性、弹性和坚韧性特质及其对心理健康的预测作用

采用"中国成年人情绪性量表""中国成年人心理弹性量表""中国成年人坚韧性量表""总体幸福感量表""SCL-10"对559名农民工进行了测试,旨在考察农民工情绪性、坚韧性和弹性特质的负载情况及其对心理健康的预测作用。结果表明,农民工的积极情绪性特质和坚韧性特质的负载量显著高于全国成年人常模,而弹性特质负载量显著低于全国成年人常模;情绪性、坚韧性和弹性特质对于主观幸福感具有显著正向预测作用,而对心理痛苦症状具有显著反向预测作用。     

Influence of school-level and family-level variables on Chinese college students’ aggression

With the frequent occurrence of campus violence, scholars have devoted increasing attention to college students’ aggression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of aggression in Chinese university students and identify factors that could influence their aggression. We can thus find methods to reduce the incidence of college students’ aggression in the future. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select university students (N = 4565) aged 16–25 years in Harbin. The Aggression Questionnaire, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and the Social Support Revalued Scale were used to collect data. Females reported lower levels of aggression than males (p < .001). A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of factors of aggression, and the model was highly significant (R² = .233, Ad R² = .230, p < .01). The results show that the aggression is affected by gender, family-level and school-level variables. Aggression scores are significantly correlated with not only family-level or school-level variables independently, but their combination as well. We find that the risk factors for aggression include a dissatisfying profession, higher levels of study pressure, poor parental relationships, poor interpersonal relationships, the presence of siblings, punishment, health maladjustment, less subjective support, and lower levels of utilization of social support.     

中药复方对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

应用行为药理学方法研究铅对大鼠学习记忆影响的可能机制,并观察中药复方（驱铅灵）对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善效果。结果：（1）各染毒组大鼠Morris（第一、二、三、五、七轮）测试潜伏期显著延长;记忆保持百分率显著下降。（2）治疗后中药组的大鼠Morris水迷宫第2、3轮测试潜伏期显著短于阳性对照组,记忆保持率显著大于阳性对照组。（4）EDTA组和中药组。结论：中药复方对铅染毒大鼠学习记忆障碍具有良好的改善作用。