The impact of supervisory mentoring on personal learning and career outcomes: The dual moderating effect of self-efficacy

Using survey data from 226 employees and their supervisors in four manufacturing companies in China, we found that employee self-efficacy has a dual moderating effect on the impact of supervisory mentoring on subordinate career outcomes. Path analytic tests of mediated moderation suggested that self-efficacy moderates the mediated effects of supervisory mentoring on job performance and career satisfaction through personal learning such that the mediated effect on job performance is stronger when employees have higher self-efficacy, but the mediated effect on career satisfaction is stronger when they have lower self-efficacy.     

Memory skills mediating superior memory in a world-class memorist

Laboratory studies have investigated how individuals with normal memory spans attained digit spans over 80 digits after hundreds of hours of practice. Experimental analyses of their memory skills suggested that their attained memory spans were constrained by the encoding time, for the time needed will increase if the length of digit sequences to be memorised becomes longer. These constraints seemed to be violated by a world-class memorist, Feng Wang (FW), who won the World Memory Championship by recalling 300 digits presented at 1 digit/s. In several studies we examined FW’s memory skills underlying his exceptional performance. First FW reproduced his superior memory span of 200 digits under laboratory condition, and we obtained his retrospective reports describing his encoding/retrieval processes (Experiment 1). Further experiments used self-paced memorisation to identify temporal characteristics of encoding of digits in 4-digit clusters (Experiment 2), and explored memory encoding at presentation speeds much faster than 1 digit/s (Experiment 3). FW’s superiority over previous digit span experts is explained by his acquisition of well-known mnemonic techniques and his training that focused on rapid memorisation. His memory performance supports the feasibility of acquiring memory skills for improved working memory based on storage in long-term memory.     

数列推理项目的难度模型构建

研究基于数列推理项目的认知模型归纳整合和丰富了数列推理项目的刺激特征,基于这些刺激特征生成了92个数列题目,组成四套不同的测验,共给466名学生施测。结果表明:测验的EAP信度为0.87,其中双层运算项目适合高水平能力被试;刺激特征及其交互作用显著影响题目难度;使用LLTM模型构建项目难度模型,该模型可以有效预测项目难度,预测项目难度和实测项目难度的相关为0.85。这说明研究选择和拓展的刺激特征能够显著增加和预测题目的难度。     

速度与调式在诱发情绪反应中的作用:来自中西方传统音乐的证据

以24名本科生为实验对象,采用12段剪辑音乐为材料,使用多导生理记录仪考察其调式和速度在诱发情绪反应中的作用。结果发现:(1)主观情绪自评指标,速度与调式的主效应及交互效应显著,快速、大调音乐的主观自评值显著高于慢速小调音乐;(2)西方传统音乐在心率指标上,速度和调式主效应显著,快速、大调音乐的心率值高于慢速小调音乐;(3)中国传统音乐在心率、皮电指标上,速度、调式主效应显著,快速、大调音乐的心率和皮电值高于慢速小调音乐,皮温指标上,调式主效应显著,大调音乐的皮温值高于小调音乐。这表明不同速度和调式音乐诱发了不同的情绪反应,不同调式中国与西方音乐在诱发情绪反应上存在差异。     

睡眠剥夺影响恐惧情绪加工的认知神经机制

睡眠剥夺与恐惧情绪加工的各个过程息息相关。睡眠剥夺损害了恐惧的习得过程, 而且影响着杏仁核、内侧前额叶的活动及它们之间的功能连接; 睡眠剥夺削弱了恐惧记忆的巩固和再巩固过程, 不仅破坏了恐惧记忆再巩固过程相关蛋白质和酶的合成, 同时也影响着海马、杏仁核、内侧前额叶的活动以及它们之间的功能连接; 睡眠剥夺损害了恐惧的消退, 同时也改变了海马、杏仁核等相关脑区的活动模式。未来的研究应从睡眠剥夺影响恐惧情绪加工的认知神经机制、睡眠剥夺与恐惧情绪相关障碍的关系等角度展开, 力图深入理解睡眠剥夺影响恐惧情绪加工的认知神经机制。     

睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。     

Future orientation, impulsivity, and problem behaviors: a longitudinal moderation model

In the current study, based on a sample of 1,873 adolescents between 11.4 and 20.9 years of age from the first 3 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we investigated the longitudinal effects of future orientation on levels of and developmental changes in problem behaviors, while controlling for the effects by impulsivity; we also tested the moderating effects by future orientation on the impulsivity-problem behaviors link over time. Additionally, we examined future orientation operationalized by items measuring education, marriage, and life domains. Findings based on growth curve analyses provided evidence of longitudinal effects by education and life future orientation on both levels of and developmental changes in problem behaviors; the effect of marriage future orientation was not significant for either test. In addition, only life future orientation moderated the effect by impulsivity on levels of problem behaviors over time. More specifically, impulsivity had a weaker effect on levels of problem behaviors over time for adolescents who reported higher levels of life future orientation.     

台湾人工生殖技术管制之回顾与前瞻

台湾地区人工生殖技术的管制先后经历了道德管制和行政管制两个阶段,目前正积极总结各阶段管制模式的成败得失,努力构造《人工生殖法》的原则和框架,以提高人工生殖技术管制的合法性和有效性.     

从神迹到智慧——诠释学探源

现代诠释学的源头可追溯到古代希腊的语言学(主要是语法学,揭示文本客观性层面的语义)、语文学(对语言本身以及文献的历史关联的反思)和修辞学(着眼于语言所产生的实际效果阐明语言的说服力)。正是由于语言学、语文学和修辞学的发展,使人们对古代经典的“诠释”完成了从“神谕”的宣示与解释向合乎理性的证明之智慧的转化,而圣经注释学正是这一转化的直接结果,并且通过圣经注释学,这些因素融入了现代诠释学。     

学校组织气氛与教师工作绩效的关系分析

本研究借助于自编的学校组织气氛量表和教师工作绩效量表,通过对分层随机抽取的378名教师进行了调查,探讨了学校组织气氛与教师工作绩效的关系,结果发现学校组织气氛与教师工作绩效相关非常显著。回归分析和差异检验的结果进一步揭示:学校组织气氛是教师工作绩效的较好预测变量。其中,教学气氛是教师工作绩效的显著预测变量。同时,本研究还发现学校组织气氛对教师任务绩效影响非常显著,但对教师情境绩效影响不显著。