论儒家思想中的"人"与"自然"之关系:兼论其21世纪之启示

本文探讨儒家思想传统中“人”与“自然”之关系。本文先从比较文化史视野,析论中国思维方式之特质在于“联系性思维方式”。本文指出,儒家思想传统以“联系性思维方式”为基础,强调“人”与“自然”之间是一种相即相融并互相渗透的关系。“自然”是“人”的创生者,“人”也是“自然”的参与者。儒家思想家主张“人”与“自然”之间具有连续性与一体性之关系。这两种关系之所以可能,其基础正在于人与宇宙万物都以生生不已的仁德为其本性。“仁”既内在于每个人的心性之中,又超越于每个个体之上,成为宇宙万物之共同质素。而儒家思想中“人”与“自然”之连续性与一体观的建立与发展,正是以人“心”之自觉为其基础。     

Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors induces depotentiation in amygdala slices and reduces fear-potentiated startle in rats

There is a close correlation between long-term potentiation (LTP) in the synapses of lateral amygdala (LA) and fear conditioning in animals. We predict that reversal of LTP (depotentiation) in this area of the brain may ameliorate conditioned fear. Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II) with DCG-IV induces depotentiation in the LA. The induction of depotentiation is independent of NMDA receptors, L-type Ca++ channels, and calcineurin activity, but requires presynaptic activity and extracellular Ca++. (2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2',3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) depotentiation is accompanied by a decrease in the frequency but not the amplitude of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and could be mimicked by endogenously released glutamate. DCG-IV inhibited the release of glutamate evoked by 4-AP but not that evoked by ionomycin, suggesting that the effect of DCG-IV is not mediated by an action downstream of Ca++ entry. Intra-amygdala infusion of mGluR II agonist blocks the consolidation of fear memory measured with fear-potentiated startle. Taken together, the present results characterize the properties of DCG-IV depotentiation and reveal a close parallel between depotentiation in the amygdala slice and the reduction of conditioned fear in animals.     

动觉监督早期介入对动作技能形成的影响

通过人工动作技能项目和典型职业操作技能项目的训练活动,研究了动觉监督早期介入对动作技能形成的影响,结果表明早期进行动觉监督训练可以更为充分、有效地发挥动觉监督的作用,提高动作技能形成的成绩和效率。据此讨论了“视觉为主转化为动觉为主”监督机制观点的局限性,认为自觉的职业操作技能训练活动无须遵循这一结论;提出了含有动觉训练的职业操作技能训练模式。     

An ER-fMRI investigation of morphological inflection in German reveals that the brain makes a distinction between regular and irregular forms

The hypothesis that morphological processing is supported by a mental dictionary of stored entries plus a set of mental computations based on rules is examined using event-related fMRI. If a rules-plus-memory model () reflects the actual organization of the language faculty, two distinct patterns of brain activation should be observed for production of German irregular and regular noun and verb inflections. If a connectionist alternative to the rules-and-memory model (, and many others since), which seeks to explain the production of both irregular and regular forms within a single associative memory mechanism, is correct, there should be no neural differentiation between German regular and irregular inflection. The results we report support the existence of substantially differing patterns of activation for regulars vs. irregulars, an outcome that is consistent with the two-component rules-plus-memory account.     

对变化/分割模型的检验(Ⅱ)

在前一报告的基础上设计了两个实验,对变化／分割模型做进一步的检验,实验３控制目标时距和该时距内的填充数字系列的分割段数以及段的持续时间,操纵段内的项目数;结果显示,数字系列的分割段数明显影响延迟操作条件下的时距估计,而段内的项目数则不影响对时距的估计,实验４控制目标时距和该时距内填充数字系列的分割段数以及段内的项目数,操纵的持续时间,结果显示,对时距的估计取决于被试所傅物时间标尺,四个实验结果表明     

结构对称性汉字视觉识别特点的实验研究

用命名作业通过二个实验考察了结构对称性汉字的视觉识别特点,结果表明,汉字识别具有显著的结构对称性效应,识别结构对称性汉字的加工明显快于非对称性汉字,对称性效应与字频效应,笔画效应具有显著的交互作用,进一步的简单效应的分析表明,这种结构对称性效应在低频字中起作用,而在高频字中不起显著作用;在多笔画字中起作用,而在少毛画字中不起显著作用,这表明,对称性汉字中的具有冗余信息的格式塔部件促进地识别汉字的加     

运动视觉信息中时间知觉线索的实验研究

用两个实验考察在运动物体的时间知觉中影响ＴＴＣ判断的因素。     

国外有关非智力因素的实证研究

国外的许多心理学家已经对非智力因素问题进行了大量的实证性研究。心理测量学家们主要是围绕智力因素与非智力因素的关系展开研究。而一些教育心理学家和实验心理学家则宁可去研究动机、情感、人格等因素对学生学业成就的影响。对国外非智力因素实证研究的回顾将有助于今天国内的非智力因素研究。     

时点,时距和时序信息加工之间相关性研究

本研究分为两个实验,分别采用预期式和回溯式范型,探讨时距、时序和时点三者之间信息加工的相关性,结果发现：同一时间经历,时距估计与时序判断随注意参与程度的增加,由负相关趋势向正相关变化;时距估计与时点离散度可能呈正相关趋势;时序判断与时点离散度随注意参与程度的增加,由负相关趋势向正相关变化。     

几种时间表征的研究概况

概述时间表征外显与内隐的分类,对动力心理表征及表征动量的研究进行了讨论