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171.
172.
This study examined (1) the relative prevalence of childhood abuse and other pathological childhood experiences in China reported by outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with other personality disorders, and without personality disorders; and, (2) whether the primary predictors of BPD in North America are associated with the development of BPD in China. The childhood experiences of 203 outpatients with BPD, 109 outpatients with other personality disorders, and 70 outpatients without Axis II diagnoses were assessed with the Chinese version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q). Patients with BPD reported significantly more physical, emotional, and sexual abuse than either comparison group. Four types of childhood experiences were significant predictors of BPD: maternal neglect, paternal antipathy, sexual abuse, and maternal physical abuse. The findings suggest that maternal physical abuse is as strong a predictor of BPD in China as sexual abuse, a finding not replicated in North America. 相似文献
173.
"贵元重始说"是董仲舒《春秋》公羊学的重要内容,其中主要的是关于"元"的观念。长期以来,人们对董仲舒的"元"观念多从哲学本原上训解,而没有把握其真实涵意,因而也就无法窥见"贵元重始"说的实质。本文认为,董仲舒的"贵元重始说"与其"奉天法古说"一样,均是对 相似文献
174.
<正>《老子》第一章是老子"道"论的总纲,也可视为整部《老子》的眼目。"道"("恒道")由此而定其所导,"名"("恒名")由此而明其所谓;老子之属意,于此可窥其大略。自《韩非子》以至于汉魏以降,《老子》注疏之众不可胜数,而诸注之意境则大都可从其对于第一章的诠释判别高下。今以帛书《老子》为底本,参酌世传碑、刻、注本,于前贤思绎之未尽处对《老子》第一章再作申解,以期寻取"众眇"所通而我心所契的玄理之门。或有未当,方家正焉。 相似文献
175.
Gordon L. Flett Abby L. Goldstein Paul L. Hewitt Christine Wekerle 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2012,31(1):49-64
The current study examined the extent to which an expanded self-punitiveness model could be applied to deliberate self-harm
(DSH) among students making the transition to university. Specific components of the self-punitiveness model included perfectionism,
overgeneralization, self-criticism, and shame. A sample of 319 university students completed a measure of deliberate self-harm
as well as two multidimensional perfectionism measures and measures of self-criticism, overgeneralization, and shame. Correlational
analyses found few significant associations among deliberate self-harm and the self-punitiveness factors among men. In contrast,
among women, deliberate self-harm was associated with dimensions of trait perfectionism such as parental criticism and socially
prescribed perfectionism, as well as with overgeneralization, self-criticism, and both characterological shame and bodily
shame with the strongest associations found with shame. Supplementary analyses found a strong link between overgeneralization
and shame and an association between self-criticism and shame among women. The results support the contention that particularly
among young women making the transition to university, deliberate self-harm behavior is a reflection of a self-punitive personality
orientation with multiple facets and a sense of shame associated with an overgeneralized sense of failing to meet social expectations. 相似文献
176.
Yin-Hui Cheng Shih-Chieh Chuang Molly Chien-Jung Huang Wan-Chen Hsieh 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2012,31(3):325-334
The framing effect demonstrates that two options with different risk levels affect people??s risk preferences, even if both options are logically equivalent. However, in reality we are almost always confronted with more than two choices, rather than a single manipulated message. In this paper, we simultaneously manipulate the framing effect and the context effect, including the attraction effect and the compromise effect, to examine the influence of context on framing. The results of two studies show that context influences the original choice preference arising from the framing effect. Moreover, the framing effect is reduced when context effects are introduced to the original choice set. 相似文献
177.
In 2 studies, we examined the use of validity screening items in adolescent survey data. In each study, adolescent respondents were asked whether they were telling the truth and paying attention in answering survey questions. In Study 1 (N = 7,801), the prevalence rates of student risk behaviors were significantly lower after inappropriate (invalid) responders were screened out of the sample. In addition, confirmatory and multigroup factor analyses demonstrated significant differences between the factor structures of school climate scales with valid versus invalid responders. In Study 2, student perceptions of school climate were correlated with teacher perceptions in 291 schools. A bootstrap resampling procedure compared the correlations obtained with valid versus invalid responding students in each school and found that valid responders had more positive views of school conditions and produced higher correlations with teacher perceptions. These findings support the value of validity screening items in improving the quality of adolescent survey data. 相似文献
178.
Langford AT Resnicow K Roberts JS Zikmund-Fisher BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(3):440-447
To examine the association of 1) race/ethnicity and 2) numeracy with awareness of DTC genetic tests. Secondary analysis of
6,754 Hispanic, black, and white adult respondents to the National Cancer Institute’s 2007 Health Information National Trends
Survey (HINTS). Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic predictors of DTC genetic tests awareness including
race/ethnicity, income, education, and gender. Next, two numeracy variables were added to the model. After controlling for
sociodemographic variables, black respondents were significantly less likely to have heard of DTC genetic tests compared to
white respondents (OR = 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.97). When numeracy variables were added to the model, the effect of black race was
no longer significant (OR = 0.84; CI: 0.69–1.04). Hispanic respondents did not significantly differ from white respondents
in awareness of DTC genetic tests. Other significant correlates of DTC genetic tests awareness in the full model included
education, income, age, and numeracy variables including degree to which people use medical statistics and numbers to make
health decisions, and preference for words or numbers when discussing “the chance of something happening.” Although black
respondents were generally less aware of DTC genetic tests than white respondents, this relationship appears to be partially
mediated by numeracy. 相似文献
179.
Technological advances and information-seeking consumers have pushed forward the movement of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic
testing. Just like with other types of testing, there are potential risks, benefits and limitations. A major limitation of
DTC testing is the incomplete view it provides regarding lifetime risk for common, complex diseases, since most tests only
analyze 1–2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and do not include evaluation of medical or family histories, which is
necessary to risk assessment. Further, it is not currently well-established whether personal genomic testing results will
lead toward improved health behaviors, adverse psychological effects or potential overuse of the health care system. To display
these and other issues, we present an in-depth case study of an individual who ordered DTC genetic testing and subsequently
sought genetic counseling. This case presents a unique learning experience for the field of genomic counseling, as the patient
did not fit the typical assumptions regarding ‘early adopters’ of DTC testing. It also allowed the genetics health care providers
involved in the case to identify gaps in current genetic counseling practice that need to be filled and approaches to employ
for successful delivery of genomic counseling. Based on our experience, we developed practical recommendations for genomic
counseling, which include novel approaches to case preparation, use of electronic tools during the counseling session, and
focusing on education as the major component of the genomic counseling session, in order to provide patients with the knowledge
necessary to independently interpret and understand large amounts of genomic testing information provided to them. 相似文献
180.
We investigated the relationship between conformative peer bullying and issues of peer conformity among adolescents. This
relationship is examined through the establishment of a mediated moderation model for conformative peer bullying using structural
equation modeling in a sample of 391 second-year middle school students in Seoul, South Korea. We found that peer pressure
and resistance to peer influence interact with one another to affect antisocial conformity, which then affects conformative
peer bullying, thereby establishing its mediated moderation effect. The results suggest that conformative peer bullying that
encourages and assists active bullies is affected by antisocial conformity; moreover, an individual’s capacity to resist peer
influence plays a protective role against peer conformity, and this must be acknowledged as a significant influence in conformative
peer bullying among adolescents. 相似文献