Social cues in animated conversational agents

In human‐computer interaction people often interpret the interaction with the computer as interactions with humans. The social agency theory suggests that social cues like the face and voice of the agent motivate this interpretation. In two off‐line experiments in which comprehension scores and liking ratings were collected, we found that participants preferred natural agents with natural voices, as predicted by the social‐cue hypothesis. Although female agents with male voices formed an exception, this was explained by a stereotype effect. These findings support the social‐cue hypothesis and the social agency theory that human characteristics are applied in the perception of computational animated conversational agents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

儿童道德情绪归因研究的进展及未来展望

20世纪70年代以来,对儿童道德情绪归因的研究主要集中在概念界定、定向发展、年龄差异、产生原因及其影响因素等方面。但在研究对象的拓展、情境的设置以及归因对象的完善等方面还需要未来作进一步的探索与研究。     

Simple and Joint Effects of Gender and Self-Esteem on Responses to Same-Sex Sexual Harassment

In a sample of 431 white-collar professionals, we examined the impact of gender and self-esteem on individuals' intentions to seek legal counsel, confront the harasser, and make formal reports within the organization in response to approach-based same-sex sexual harassment. We hypothesized that gender, self-esteem, and their interaction would be related to assertive responses. All three hypotheses received support: men were more likely than women to respond assertively; self-esteem was positively related to response intentions; and self-esteem had a greater impact on men's responses than on women's responses. These results suggest that frameworks used to describe responses to cross-sex sexual harassment may not be adequate for same-sex sexual harassment. Post hoc analyses revealed that perceiving the behavior as harassment mediated the relationship between self-esteem and the responses to harassment, but did not mediate the relationships between gender and the responses to harassment. These findings contribute to the research on acknowledging sexual harassment.     

我国投资者心理特质与心理分类的研究

由于证券投资已成为当代中国人经济生活的重要组成部分,因而深入研究投资者的心理特质与心理分类,对于推动我国证券市场健康发展以及促使投资者形成理性投资决策具有重要的现实意义。本研究发现：我国投资者的心理特质差异可以从果断冒险、轻松乐观、理智冷静、犹豫依赖、耐心谨慎这五个因素进行分析;投资者可分为冷静保守型、冒险型与乐观保守型三类。     

小学生应用题表征的类型和特点

以124名小学六年级学生为被试。采用应用题解决问卷考查了我国小学生应用题表征的类型和特点。结果表明小学生应用题的表征方式有复述内容、图式表征、图片表征、直译表征、语义结构分析等;成功解题者和不成功解题者对各种表征方式的使用次数上没有显着差异;成功解题者和不成功解题者在各种表征方式下的解题成绩有显着差异,成功解题者在图式表征、直译表征和语义结构分析表征下的成绩显着优于不成功解题者。     

特殊言语损伤研究及其进展

特殊言语损伤(specific language impairment．SLI)指在正常语言学习环境下,在没有听力缺陷、智力迟钝、神经或精神损伤的情况下,言语能力得不到正常发展。近十几年来,国外出现出了许多SLI的研究,但国内这方面研究还比较欠缺。文章综述了国外SLI的研究现状,分析了SLI的影响因素,并介绍了对SLI的理论解释。     

经济心理学:超越与创新

经济心理学超越了传统经济学在理论假设、研究方法等方面所面临的困境,拓展了心理学对于学科界限的自我困囿．并以其独特的学科分野、理论贡献和跨学科的研究方法实现了对人类经济行为的更好解释与预测,对于现实经济生活它也已经并将继续发挥其独有的作用。     

假设形成与检验的神经机制

假设形成与检验是解决任何复杂问题的重要思维工具, 是人们发现规则, 形成概念, 建立假说, 获得知识的基础。为进一步考察这一思维能力的神经机制, 本项目在已有行为及脑电研究的基础上以“类别概括－规则发现”为研究范式, 给被试提供包含多个知觉维度的刺激, 要求被试通过知觉观察与反馈学习发现基于类别的规则(假设)。本项目重点考察被试在此任务中选择与收敛假设,以及加工否定(冲突)信息的脑机制, 并尝试揭示假设形成与检验的个体发展特征。     

知觉和概念信息对3岁儿童归纳推理的影响

采用经典的三角归纳范式(Gelman & Markman,1986)研究了3岁儿童的归纳推理及其影响因素。采用龙长权、路晓英、李红和范籍丹(2008)的研究中相同的实验材料和程序,测试了3岁儿童的归纳,结果表明3岁儿童基于知觉相似和基于概念类别之间的差异不显著(实验一)。增加了与靶刺激在知觉上不相似且不属于同一类别的分心刺激之后,3岁儿童能够忽略分心刺激,表明3岁儿童不是在随机猜测(实验二)。分类实验表明3岁儿童能够根据概念关系对实验材料中的项目进行分类,表明3岁儿童具有关于实验项目的概念知识(实验三)。提高概念比较刺激与靶刺激的知觉相似程度,降低知觉比较刺激和概念比较刺激与靶刺激在知觉相似上的冲突程度之后,3岁儿童基于知觉相似和基于概念类别选择之间的差异仍不显著,表明抑制控制不是导致儿童在实验一中表现出基于知觉相似和基于概念类别之间差异不显著的原因(实验四)。降低概念比较刺激与靶刺激之间的类别等级结构,使概念比较刺激与靶刺激属于相同的基本水平类别时,3岁儿童能够主要基于概念类别进行归纳(实验五)。增加经典三角测试的前提的数量,3岁儿童也能主要基于概念类别进行归纳(实验六)。这些研究表明,3岁儿童在一定条件下能够基于概念类别进行归纳,多个因素能够影响3岁儿童在三角测试中的表现。     

A preliminary study on the concept of health among the Chinese

In this qualitative study, lay people's conceptions of health were explored through focus group discussions. Two hundred and one college students and 45 community female adults participated in the groups and they were considered as informants. Content analysis supported a four-dimensional model of health, hierarchically organized to represent clinical health, role health, adaptive health and well-being health. Although such a multidimensional model of health was similar to the Western models in structure, Chinese conceptions of health placed far greater emphases on social harmony and being at ease with life. The unique Chinese heritage of the Yin-Yang theory, its emphasis on homeostasis, and the characteristic Confucian values of social orientation were further discussed in the context of health.