The Motivation for Learning Music (MLM) questionnaire: Assessing children’s and adolescents’ autonomous motivation for learning a musical instrument

Motivation and Emotion - The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and construct validity of The Motivation for Learning Music (MLM) questionnaire, designed to measure...     

Inpatient suicide in a Chinese psychiatric hospital

Little is known about the risk factors for suicide among psychiatric inpatients in China. In this study we identified the risk factors of suicide among psychiatric inpatients at Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital. All psychiatric inpatients who died by suicide during the 1956-2005 period were included in this study. Using a case-control design, 64 inpatients with schizophrenia who died by suicide were compared with a matched 64 controls. The results indicate that the rate of suicide was 133.1/100,000 admissions (95%CI 103.4-162.9). There were no significant differences in the method, location, or time of suicide between male and female inpatients. The number of hospitalizations was significantly larger in the suicide group than that in the control group. In logistic regression analyses, guilty thought, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt 1 month before hospital admission were identified as independent predictors of suicide among inpatients with schizophrenia. The findings of risk factors for schizophrenic inpatient suicide should be taken into account when developing interventions to prevent suicide among these patients.     

A hierarchical process-dissociation model

In fitting the process-dissociation model (L. L. Jacoby, 1991) to observed data, researchers aggregate outcomes across participant, items, or both. T. Curran and D. L. Hintzman (1995) demonstrated how biases from aggregation may lead to artifactual support for the model. The authors develop a hierarchical process-dissociation model that does not require aggregation for analysis. Most importantly, the Curran and Hintzman critique does not hold for this model. Model analysis provides for support of process dissociation--selective influence holds, and there is a dissociation in correlation patterns among participants and items. Items that are better recollected also elicit higher automatic activation. There is no correlation, however, across participants; that is, participants with higher recollection have no increased tendency toward automatic activation. The critique of aggregation is not limited to process dissociation. Aggregation distorts analysis in many nonlinear models, including signal detection, multinomial processing tree models, and strength models. Hierarchical modeling serves as a general solution for accurately fitting these psychological-processing models to data.     

脑损伤新生儿救治的选择

脑损伤是婴儿死亡、儿童残疾的主要原因之一。关于有严重脑损伤新生儿（包括脑瘫、智能精神发育落后等）是否该救治,牵涉到很多矛盾的思想观点。通过分析新生儿期脑损伤发生的高危因素,且提出相应的综合处置意见,认为要和谐地解决此矛盾,需要医院、家庭和社会有关部门的共同努力。     

Sensation-seeking, Internet dependency, and online interpersonal deception.

This study aimed to elaborate the relationships between sensation-seeking, Internet dependency, and online interpersonal deception. Of the 707 individuals recruited to this study, 675 successfully completed the survey. The results showed high sensation-seekers and high Internet dependents were more likely to engage in online interpersonal deception than were their counterparts.     

机械特征相似程度不同情况下类别联想对类别学习的影响

探讨机械特征相似程度不同情况下类别联想对类别学习的影响,共包括2个实验.被试是广州某大学70名学生.探讨类别内部机械特征相似程度不同情况下,由主题特征激活的类别联想对类别学习的影响.结果表明:(1)在类别内部项目机械特征相似程度高的情况下,一致主题特征激活的类别联想对类别学习起促进作用;不一致主题特征激活的类别联想没有对类别学习起阻碍作用.(2)在类别内部项目机械特征相似程度低的情况下,不一致主题特征激活的类别联想对类别学习起阻碍作用.     

Conceptualizing and assessing self-enhancement bias: a componential approach

Four studies implemented a componential approach to assessing self-enhancement and contrasted this approach with 2 earlier ones: social comparison (comparing self-ratings with ratings of others) and self-insight (comparing self-ratings with ratings by others). In Study 1, the authors varied the traits being rated to identify conditions that lead to more or less similarity between approaches. In Study 2, the authors examined the effects of acquaintance on the conditions identified in Study 1. In Study 3, the authors showed that using rankings renders the self-insight approach equivalent to the component-based approach but also has limitations in assessing self-enhancement. In Study 4, the authors compared the social-comparison and the component-based approaches in terms of their psychological implications; the relation between self-enhancement and adjustment depended on the self-enhancement approach used, and the positive-adjustment correlates of the social-comparison approach disappeared when the confounding influence of the target effect was controlled.     

语言转换影响双语认知优势的发展进程

本研究包括两部分,第一部分对双语转换问卷进行修订,用于客观测量双语者的语言转换能力;第二部分采用数字命名任务考察语言转换对双语认知优势发展进程的影响。结果发现,在低水平阶段,语言转换频率与转换消耗存在显著负相关;在高水平阶段,语言转换频率与转换消耗、混用消耗均存在显著负相关。结果说明,语言转换首先影响瞬时转换能力,积累一定的经验之后,才会对持续监控能力与抑制控制能力产生积极影响。本研究结果表明,双语认知优势效应的发展具有一定的顺序性。     

启动效应的ERP研究综述

近年来,国内外学者以ERP为工具,对启动效应进行了不少研究,并得到一些有意义的结果。例如,在知觉启动方面,发现视觉运动启动的神经机制不同于其它知觉型启动,它既涉及视觉加工的较早阶段,也涉及到较晚阶段。再如,词的重复效应不同于物体的重复效应等等。关于语义型启动的ERP研究,主要围绕N400和N450进行。本文对该领域的一些重要研究进行了介绍和总结,并对该领域中的一些基本研究范式问题进行了讨论。     

管理自我效能感与一般自我效能感的关系

以管理者自我效能感这个具体自我效能感为研究对象,探讨具体自我效能感与一般自我效能感的关系。结果发现：⑴管理自我效能感和一般自我效能感都对管理者工作绩效有显著影响,但前者的影响效果更为明显;⑵管理自我效能感对管理者工作态度有显著影响,但一般自我效能感的影响效果不显著;⑶一般自我效能感主要通过管理自我效能感,对管理者工作态度和工作绩效产生间接影响。这就证明了：⑴自我效能感可以分为两个操作层次,即一般和具体,且前者主要通过后者产生间接作用;⑵要提高自我效能感的预测效果,须针对具体自我效能感进行研究。