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851.
采用Gevers等的实验范式,以判断数字大小并选择不同言语符号方向信息左右为任务。材料为阿拉伯数字(1、2、8、9)和汉字、英文单词符号(“左”、“右”、“left”、“m#t”)。考察在不同语言符号方向信息下数字-空间联结SANBC效应的编码方式,结果发现:(1)在汉字和英文符号信息下,被试在数字大小比较任务中都表现出SNARC效应;(2)在汉字符号方向信息下。SNARC效应的编码方式主要存在视觉空间和言语空间编码,且以言语空间编码为主;(3)在英文符号方向信息下。SNARC效应的鳊码方式主要是视觉空间编码。 相似文献
852.
One hundred and twenty‐four American male architects representing three levels of eminence and creativity were studied by Donald W. MacKinnon and his collaborators in 1958–1960. The present report is based on a follow‐up of 70 of the 83 (78%) surviving architects (mean age 71 years, with a range of 62–88). The architects were individually interviewed at their place of residence between 1983–1984 and received several of the same tests they had received 25 years before, including the Adjective Check List (ACL) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The present study offered the architects a chance to look back at lifelong careers, and it allowed the researchers to establish that the distinct personality characteristics of the three groups of architects remained remarkably stable, and were at least partially responsible for moderating longevity and achievement. Opportunities for full‐time practice were radically different for the three groups after age 65. The interview data suggested that factors that are responsible for successful productivity in old age include: (a) commitment and drive; (b) overlearned skills; (c) aesthetic sensitivity; (d) ability to be a good salesman; and (e) ability to delegate responsibility. The continuing impressive creativity of the architects can be best explained by Simonton's (1984) constant probability of success model. 相似文献
853.
Irwin Z. Hoffman Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(4):535-544
Action and insight form an essential dialectic within the psychoanalytic process. Yet many recent psychoanalytic formulations, while emphasizing integration, have continued to view psychoanalytic and action‐oriented techniques dichotomously. It is reasoned that certain behavioral‐cognitive techniques that promote adaptive behavior can become an active part of an in‐depth analytic experience, providing material for an exploration that results in new ways not only of relating but also of experiencing the self and others. Such an approach, while at times helpful to certain patients, can be counterproductive for others. An integrative approach is compatible with many recent psychoanalytic frameworks emphasizing a two‐person psychology, but not with a one‐person vision of the psychoanalytic situation; in the two‐person view, it is reasoned that an integrative approach is capable of maintaining the integrity of the analytic process. The outlined technique reflects a relational psychoanalytic orientation emphasizing internalized object relations, with the use of action‐oriented techniques organized by the superordinate goal of modifying psychic structure, conceptualized principally in terms of self‐ and object‐representations. Reasoning that this approach is congruent with certain theoretical contributions from Gill, Mitchell, Sandier, and especially Wachtel, among others, I state underlying assumptions of the approach, preliminary technical guidelines, and illustrative case material. 相似文献
854.
Irwin Z. Hoffman Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(2):225-229
Despite certain apparently common values, Strenger's critique is addressed largely to an inaccurate account of my views. It is also internally contradictory in various ways. On one hand, for example, Strenger favors a dialectic of science and the humanities as they bear on psychoanalysis; on the other hand, he declares science to be the exclusive psychoanalytic “metaphysic.” Remarkably, he claims that my critique of technical rationality is tantamount to advocating a passive reflective stance on the analyst's part, precluding anything akin to “coaching” to foster change. But I've written consistently about the dialectic of proactive therapeutic influence and critical reflection on that very influence and its implications. What's unacceptable about technical rationality is its positivist confidence about the effectiveness of prescribed interventions based on allegedly scientific evidence. With his lengthy survey of extra-analytic studies, Strenger evades engaging my specific arguments since they are strictly about the unwarranted privileging of the findings of psychoanalytic process and outcome research relative to clinical experience. He mistakenly equates my repudiation of such privileging with rejection of the value of “science” altogether for psychoanalysis. Finally, Strenger's claim that my “dialectical constructivism” eschews formulating universal truths about human nature ignores my consideration of human potentials for both denying and confronting mortality and the associated challenge of human agency. Embracing that challenge constitutes a moral position for psychoanalysis that is unequivocally opposed to uncritical compliance with culturally shaped demands for various types of therapeutic services. 相似文献
855.
Two experiments report on the construction of the Sense of Agency Rating Scale (SOARS), a new measure for quantifying alterations to agency. In Experiment 1, 370 participants completed a preliminary version of the scale following hypnosis. Factor analysis revealed two underlying factors: Involuntariness and Effortlessness. In Experiment 2, this two factor structure was confirmed in a sample of 113 low, medium and high hypnotisable participants. The two factors, Involuntariness and Effortlessness, correlated significantly with hypnotisability and pass rates for ideomotor, challenge and cognitive items. Twelve week test–retest correlations showed that Involuntariness was highly stable, but Effortlessness only moderately stable. Analysis of the combined datasets from Experiments 1 and 2 showed both SOARS scores were significantly related to the derived factors of Woody, Barnier, and McConkey’s (2005) 4-factor model of hypnotisability. This scale clarifies conceptual confusion around agentive action and provides empirical support for a multifactorial account of sense of agency. 相似文献
856.
Agata Rozga Tricia Z. King Richard W. Vuduc Diana L. Robins 《Developmental science》2013,16(4):499-514
We examined facial electromyography (fEMG) activity to dynamic, audio‐visual emotional displays in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. Participants viewed clips of happy, angry, and fearful displays that contained both facial expression and affective prosody while surface electrodes measured corrugator supercilli and zygomaticus major facial muscle activity. Across measures of average and peak activity, the TD group demonstrated emotion‐selective fEMG responding, with greater relative activation of the zygomatic to happy stimuli and greater relative activation of the corrugator to fearful stimuli. In contrast, the ASD group largely showed no significant differences between zygomatic and corrugator activity across these emotions. There were no group differences in the magnitude and timing of fEMG response in the muscle congruent to the stimuli. This evidence that fEMG responses in ASD are undifferentiated with respect to the valence of the stimulus is discussed in light of potential underlying neurobiological mechanisms. 相似文献
857.
858.
S. Z. Dudek 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(5):468-478
Children showing conceptually faster development on Piaget tests scored higher on WISC intelligence and higher on emotional maturity as measured by the Rorschach and by Cattell's Early School Personality Questionnaire. Rorschach analysis of personality characteristics of 16 children who showed instability of stage acquisition on Piaget tests revealed a characteristic pattern of responding suggestive of marked obsessive traits which persist over time (Kindergarten through Grade II). 相似文献
859.
Scholarly accounts of young men's violence have remained remarkably consistent over time: the use of violence emerges in response to focal concerns that strongly emphasize autonomy, respect, and the defense of reputation, and is indicative of the import of hegemonic masculinities on the streets. Yet, despite persistent gender gaps in the use of violence, recent research suggests that young women use violence more often than commonly believed, and their violence is likewise tied to concerns about status and respect. Given scholarly attention to the functions of violence for accomplishing masculinity, this raises the interesting question of whether and how young men maintain the equation of masculinity with violence when faced with the reality of young women's violence. Drawing from the sociology of accounts and research on gender, language, and discourse, we analyze in-depth interviews with 39 urban African-American young men to compare how they construct and make sense of boys' and girls' violence in the context of conversations about the nature and meanings of violence. 相似文献
860.