排序方式: 共有192条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Visual short-term memory for sequential arrays 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The capacity of visual short-term memory (VSTM) for a single visual display has been investigated in past research, but VSTM for multiple sequential arrays has been explored only recently. In this study, we investigate the capacity of VSTM across two sequential arrays separated by a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). VSTM for spatial locations (Experiment 1), colors (Experiments 2-4), orientations (Experiments 3 and 4), and conjunction of color and orientation (Experiment 4) were tested, with the SOA across the two sequential arrays varying from 100 to 1,500 msec. We find that VSTM for the trailing array is much better than VSTM for the leading array, but when averaged across the two arrays VSTM has a constant capacity independent of the SOA. We suggest that multiple displays compete for retention in VSTM and that separating information into two temporally discrete groups does not enhance the overall capacity of VSTM. 相似文献
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Does the magical number four characterize our visual working memory (VWM) capacity for all kinds of objects, or is the capacity of VWM inversely related to the perceptual complexity of those objects? To find out how perceptual complexity affects VWM, we used a change detection task to measure VWM capacity for six types of stimuli of different complexity: colors, letters, polygons, squiggles, cubes, and faces. We found that the estimated capacity decreased for more complex stimuli, suggesting that perceptual complexity was an important factor in determining VWM capacity. However, the considerable correlation between perceptual complexity and VWM capacity declined significantly if subjects were allowed to view the sample memory display longer. We conclude that when encoding limitations are minimized, perceptual complexity affects, but does not determine, VWM capacity. 相似文献
43.
Two dot arrays, each containing a different set of six randomly selected locations from a 5 × 5 matrix, were presented briefly
and were separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 0, 200, 500, or 1,500 msec. Subjects were asked to remember these
locations and to report whether a probe dot matched the locations in memory. To find out whether the subjects had formed an
integrated representation of the two arrays, the probe dot was accompanied by matrix elements from the first array, from the
second array, or from both arrays. Memory for Array 1 was significantly impaired when the retrieval context was drawn from
Array 2, and vice versa, suggesting that the two arrays were represented separately. This effect was observed only at an ISI
of 500 msec or longer. We propose that as Array 1 is better consolidated, its representation becomes more separated from that
of Array 2. 相似文献
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自闭特质个体在日常生活中表现出共情缺损, 但其程度较自闭症谱系障碍个体低, 并且注意线索和特异性的面孔加工可能会影响他们的共情加工进程。因此, 本研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术, 以疼痛面孔图片作为刺激材料, 让自闭特质组和控制组分别完成疼痛判断任务(该任务中被试的注意指向疼痛线索)和吸引力判断任务(该任务中被试的注意不指向疼痛线索)。结果发现, 相比控制组, 自闭特质组在吸引力判断任务中疼痛面孔图片诱发的P3波幅更大, 而在疼痛判断任务中两组没有显著差异。这表明注意线索会影响自闭特质个体对他人疼痛面孔的共情反应, 当自闭特质个体不注意他人面孔的疼痛线索时, 其疼痛共情能力会减弱。 相似文献
46.
Visual marking: dissociating effects of new and old set size 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jiang Y Chun MM Marks LE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(2):293-302
Visual marking makes it possible to ignore old items during search. In a typical study, old items are previewed 1 s before adding an equal number of new items, one of which is the target. Previewing half of the items reduces the search slope relating response time (RT) to overall set size by half. However, this manipulation sometimes only reduces overall RT but not search slope (Experiment 1). By orthogonally varying the numbers of old and new items, Experiment 2 shows that old and new set sizes interactively affect visual marking. Given a constant new set size, the size of the old set has negligible effect on RT. However, increasing the new set size reduces the preview benefit in overall RT. Experiment 3 shows that this reduction may be restricted to paradigms that use temporal segregation cues. Studies should vary old and new set size orthogonally to avoid missing a visual marking effect where one may be present. 相似文献
47.
"达尔文模块"与认知的"瑞士军刀"模型 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
本文在描述“达尔文模块”的基本特征以及进化心理学家对这种模块的理论辩护的基础上,论证了所谓达尔文模块并不是真实的心理模块;由达尔文模块所构造的认知的“瑞士军力”模型也不具有现实的合理性。 相似文献
48.
Integrating sequential arrays in visual short-term memory 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Are sequential visual arrays represented as separate images or as a combined image in visual short-term memory (VSTM)? Proponents of the integration account suggest that an image of the first array is gradually formed and integrated with an image of the second to produce a combined representation. This view is evidenced by successful performance in an empty-cell detection task. In this task, on a 4 x 4 square matrix, 7 locations are occupied on a first array, followed by a variable interval, and then by 8 other occupied locations on a second array. Subjects' success in identifying the remaining empty cell has been taken as evidence for integration. In this study, we show that success in this task can be better accounted for by a convert-and-compare process than by an integration process. We conclude that VSTM only supports limited integration across sequential arrays. 相似文献
49.
垂体微腺瘤的诊断和治疗决策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
垂体微腺瘤在正常人群中发病率较高,诊断主要依赖于其临床表现,内分泌学改变及放射学检查;治疗因人而异,其方法取决于其内分泌的异常情况及得到的医疗条件。科学的运用医学哲学思维,有助于减少漏诊和误诊,提高治愈率。 相似文献
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