记忆的生存假设

以进化理论为理论基础,通过分析不同情境下的记忆效果,探讨了生命有机体记忆机能性信息的机制。124名大学生分别参与3个实验,实验材料为无关联的词汇。实验1和实验2分别采用组间实验设计与组内实验设计。实验1和实验2的研究结果都显示记忆具有求生评价优势,评价生存有关的信息可以提高记忆效果。实验3通过混合实验设计再次验证了记忆的求生评价优势。实验3也发现不同实验材料的评价时间能够影响记忆的评价优势,因此,求生评价的记忆优势可能与认知加工程度有关。     

The Way Evaluation Tastes: Tasting as an Embodied Cue of Evaluation

The current theory and research on embodiment have indicated that the basic bodily experiences, which may be more fundamental and important than previously suggested, can influence human cognitive processes. Drawing upon this perspective, the present study examined the hypothesis that the psychological experience of evaluation is grounded in the physical experience of tasting. In three experiments, we found that a tasting cue facilitated evaluation-related conceptual processing in a lexical decision task (Experiment 1), and induced a desire to evaluate toward novel stimuli (Experiment 2). Furthermore, sweet tastes were associated with more positive and secure evaluations than bitter tastes (Experiment 3). These findings provide converging evidence supporting the prediction that tasting as an embodied cue of evaluation.     

《管子》和稷下学者的人地和谐观

人地关系的和谐是人类社会发展进步的基础,在人地关系中人是处于主导地位的,地是被动的,建立和谐的人与自然的关系,关键在于人.先秦时期,《管子》和稷下学者基于传统的人地关系思想和农业社会经济发展的实践,提出了“天人和谐”的主张,这一主张对于我们今天建立新的人与自然和谐关系有一定启发作用.     

2.5至7.5岁儿童关于图画作者能力特点的认知发展

借助2岁儿童图画作品,考察25至75岁儿童对于图画作者能力特点的认知发展状况。结果表明：2．5岁到55岁的儿童,在本实验情境的图画判断过程中尚不能考虑小年龄图画作者的能力特点,65岁以后儿童的这种能力得到了,发展。研究对儿童理解图画作者能力的心智基础进行了分析。     

在公正价值观上青少年学生公众观的一项研究--关于公正价值观者的特征

以211名大学生为被试、用开放式问卷作了预调查,筛选后得到了公正价值观者的7l项特征。正式调查以432名大学、高中、初中三个学龄段学生为被试,对这些特征项作重要性评价。结果表明：对公正价值观者,青少年学生心目中认为最应该具有的特征是守信、诚实、责任心、人格健康、明辨是非5项;因素分析表明,“亲和凝聚”、“严明公平”、“学识历练”、“生活态度”、“处事方式”和“个性特征”是公正价值观者的6个品质因素,其中“亲和凝聚”品质因素最为特出,在“学识历练”品质因素上初、高中学生比大学生更为重视,在“生活态度”品质因素上初中生比高中生、大学生更为重视。     

Washing away your (good or bad) luck: physical cleansing affects risk-taking behavior

Many superstitious practices entail the belief that good or bad luck can be "washed away." Consistent with this belief, participants who recalled (Experiment 1) or experienced (Experiment 2) an episode of bad luck were more willing to take risk after having as opposed to not having washed their hands, whereas participants who recalled or experienced an episode of good luck were less willing to take risk after having as opposed to not having washed their hands. Thus, the psychological effects of physical cleansings extend beyond the domain of moral judgment and are independent of people's motivation: incidental washing not only removes undesirable traces of the past (such as bad luck) but also desirable ones (such as good luck), which people would rather preserve.     

Testing antecedents to sales performance in postapartheid era: a field study

The predictors of objectively measured sales performance were assessed with 245 sales representatives from a large South African life insurance company. Sales representatives completed measures of their locus of control, entrepreneurial attitudes, biographical history, and performance was assessed from company records of sales, net commissions earned, and lapse ratios. The nature of employment contract, job status, and race explained significant differences in performance outcomes. The predictive nature of locus of control and entrepreneurial attitudes for performance outcomes was tested using structural equation modeling procedures, with limited validity. The implications for research and practice are also discussed.     

创造性的公众观的调查研究（Ⅰ）——关于高创造性者的特征

本研究采用凋查分析的方法,在预调查的基础上,编制问卷对创造性的公众观进行了调查研究,结果发现：1．公众认为高创造性者的特征主要涉及认知和人格两个方面。2．公众对高创造性者的特征的认识与专家的认识存在广泛一致,但在广度,深度和具体项目的重要性上存在不少差异。3．不同教育程度的公众对高创造性者的特征的认识总体差异显著．4．公众的性别,年龄,教育程度对高创造性者的特征的认识的某些方面影响显著或非常显著。     

液晶显示器上字符辨认效果与观察角度及字符大小的关系

本研究从工程心理学角度,探讨了有源矩阵液晶显示器上字符辨认效果与观察角度及字符大小的关系。实验结果表明：(1)液晶显示的字符辨认效果因观察角度不同而存在显著差异,无论是在水平方向上还是下视方向上,字符辨认错误率均随着观察角度的增大而先慢后快地上升;但相比之下,水平方向上观察角度变化的容许范围大于下视方向上的容许范围;(2)液晶显示器上字符辨认效果也受字符大小的影响,并且字符大小与观察角度之间存在着显著的交互作用;当观察角度较大时,可通过加大字符尺寸来提高视觉辨认效果。     

成人参与学习的动机研究

本文通过编制成人参与学习的动机量表,对我国成人参与学习活动的动机取向及其相关因素进行分析。发现成人参与学习主要有求知兴趣、职业发展、服务社会、外界期望四个动机取向类型;动机取向与年龄、教育程度、从事职业、收人等因素均存在相关。