Fluctuating emotions: relating emotional variability and job satisfaction

This study focuses on the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and examines emotional exhaustion as a potential explanation for why variability may result in lower satisfaction. In addition, this study examines organizational identification as a potential moderator of the relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. A total of 244 nonacademic staff in two universities in Ecuador responded to the surveys. The results demonstrated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and that organizational identification weakened the negative relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. This research is among the first to investigate emotional variability in organizations and examine the role of organizational identification in buffering the negative effect of emotional variability.     

The impact of surface acting on coworker-directed voluntary workplace behaviours

The effects of emotional labour, that is, managing one’s emotions for work, not only predict a range of intrapersonal and organizational outcomes but can also spillover to affect non-work relationships. Despite this, relatively little is known about whether the performance of surface acting affects behaviours towards more proximal organizational members, how this occurs, and the role of supportive relationships in influencing this relationship. In this article, we examine the relationships between surface acting, state positive and negative affect, and co-worker support on co-worker-directed interpersonal behaviours in the workplace. Survey data collected at multiple time points suggest a moderated mediation model, in which surface acting interacts with co-worker support to influence employees’ voluntary behaviours through state affect. Specifically, our findings suggest that surface acting increases subsequent engagement in deviance behaviours by increasing the experience of negative affective states, especially when co-worker support is low. Surface acting also decreases the subsequent engagement of organizational citizenship behaviour through decreasing the experience of positive affective states. We conclude with a discussion of how surface acting can consequently lead to negative spirals in the organization and the implications of this for practice.     

从传统性到现代性的转变上看京港大学生的人格差异

本研究通过对京港两地大学生的传统人格特征和现代人格特征所进行的调查和研究发现 ,当代大学生的人格特征正在由传统性向现代性转变。北京大学生 ,尤其是女生的现代人格表现更为突出 ,她们更乐于接受新观念 ;而香港大学生在转变中则相对表现得较为保守 ,尤其是香港的女生 ,仍然较为传统。     

小学儿童规则发现的类比迁移研究

本研究以小学儿童为被试,证实了在策略提示条件下解决规则发现(合取规则和析取规则)的类比问题时,任务难度和表面相似性是影响策略的迁移的重要因素,并且发现小学儿童的思维能力存在着较大的个体差异.他们在问题解决时主要使用单维检验策略,多数小学儿童缺乏较强的元认知监控.     

红光照明条件下VDT不同显示色的视觉效果比较

本研究以VDT上持续进行的视觉作业速度和眼的调节辐合时间作为指标,对红光照明条件下VDT显示的红、黄、绿、蓝、白五种字符色的视觉效果进行了比较.实验中,VDT背景光的主波长为630nm.结果表明,五种字符色在两项指标上均表现出显著差异;绿色显示的视觉效果最好,红色显示的效果最差,黄、白、蓝三色处于中间.     

Blocking cholesterol synthesis impairs acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response

Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by severe mental retardation. Patients with SLO lack 7-dehydrocholesterol (7 dH) reductase, which catalyzes the last step of cholesterol synthesis. Administration of an agent that blocks 7 dH cholesterol reductase, BM 15.966 (BM), leads to a biochemical profile which resembles that of SLO patients, i.e., lower plasma, live and brain cholesterol levels accompanied by the appearance of the precursors 7 dH and 8 dH cholesterol. In this article we address the functional consequences of chronic BM treatment on new motor learning by assessing acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response. Just-weaned rats were fed BM by gavage for four months, with half of these rats given exogenous cholesterol during the last two months of BM treatment. Acquisition of the eyeblink response was impaired in BM-treated rats. Impaired acquisition of the eyeblink response was not accompanied by alterations in responsiveness to either the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus. Exogenous cholesterol, a clinically relevant countertreatment, failed to correct for the learning impairment produced by BM treatment. Chronic treatment with a cholesterol synthesis-blocking agent impaired associative learning in just-weaned rats.     

高压氧对小鼠学习记忆及脑细胞形态结构的影响

实验用两种行为模型（旷场行为模型和Ｙ－迷宫分辨学习模型）观察了幼龄小鼠在不同压力的高压氧处理后,对新异环境的探究行为和自发活动情况,以及学习记忆能力的变化;并用ＸＹ－生物医学电脑图像分析仪分析了与学习记忆相关的脑区（大脑皮层、海马）神经元密度,细胞核面积,胞核／胞浆比值的变化。结果表明：（１）与对照组相比,吸０.１ＭＰａ高压氧的幼鼠学习记忆能力明显提高,相关脑区的神经元密度、细胞核面积、胞核／浆比均显著增加。（２）吸０.２５ＭＰａ高压氧的幼鼠学习记忆能力与对照组相比无明显变化,但其在新异环境中的自发行为明显减少。提示：慢性吸入０.１ＭＰａ高压氧有利于促进幼鼠脑的生长发育,增强脑功能活动。     

先天性红-绿色觉异常者的非彩色表色色差辨别研究

该文就先天性红－绿色觉异常者对非彩色系表色色差的辨别展开了研究。结果表明,先天性红－绿色觉异常者色差识别的量值△Ｅ随目视评价的等级不同而异;先天性红－绿色觉异常者与色党正常者在非彩色表色辨别上存在一定的差异;同一明度等级上、下限的变化对先天性红－绿色觉异常者的非彩色表色辨别存在影响,这种影响与明度的级别有关。     

心理测验中个人拟合研究的回顾与展望

个人拟合研究是对心理测验中偏差行为鉴别的一种新方法,它以Guttman理想模型、项目反应理论和非参数项目反应理论为基础。传统个人拟合指标是对宽泛偏差行为的检验,当前个人拟合研究更具体、更形象,针对于某种偏差行为的专门性指标和图形与回归分析受到了越来越多的关注。但无论哪种个人拟合方法都会受到各种无关因素的影响,如何克服这些影响,提高个人拟合方法的实际应用价值将成为个人拟合研究的主要方向