中国卫生法法典化的证成

法典对于一国法律的一般性、稳定性、体系性起到促进作用。此外,法典化还是法治现代化事业的组成部分,之于社会的现代性具有推动功能。在“依法治国”的背景下,卫生健康法治成为法治系统工程的重要内容。以法治的方式推进卫生健康事业,一部卫生法典不可或缺。从卫生健康事业、卫生健康法治和卫生健康法律体系面临的现实问题出发,卫生法典成为必要的选择。健康权的理论与制度、国家主义立法立场、颇具规模的卫生立法、我国法典编纂的历史经验以及域外国家卫生法典编纂的经验共同为我国的卫生法典提供了可行条件。

     

我国老年人居家医疗服务发展策略研究

采用SWOT-PEST分析模型,从政治、经济、社会、技术四个方面对当前老年人居家医疗服务开展的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行分析。结果发现,老年人居家医疗服务深得政府的政策支持,人口老龄化、经济的平稳增长、教育的现代化等为居家医疗服务发展提供了契机,但是行业标准欠缺、医疗法律体系不健全、激励政策不完善等问题制约着其发展。针对上述问题,提出了四种发展战略,包括充分发挥优势作用、把握时代发展机遇的SO策略;把握机遇、扭转劣势局面的WO策略;发挥政策及自身优势、规避威胁的ST策略;努力克服劣势、积极面对威胁的WT策略。

     

青少年压力:两个华人社区之比较研究

研制适合当代我国青少年的生活压力事件问卷,并对广州和澳门两地中学生的压力状况进行比较。研究一在参考前人问卷及预试的基础上编制初步问卷,用之对广州1652名初一到高三6个年级的中学生进行问卷调查,通过因素分析形成一份六维度的正式问卷,这六个维度分别是学业压力、社会人际压力、父母压力、自我发展压力、环境压力和学校-老师压力。研究二用问卷对广州和澳门两地初一到高三6个年级的中学生进行比较,结果发现,两地学生在这所有维度上均差异显著,只有环境维度广州学生感受到的压力高于澳门,其他五个维度均是澳门学生高于广州学生。     

冲突控制的神经机制

人类认知系统的一个重要特征是它能根据知觉选择、反应偏向以及实时更新的情境信息调节自身以适应特定的任务,使这种适应性得以实现的认知过程就是认知控制。该文简述了冲突控制的界定、实验范式、冲突的种类等方面,尤其详细介绍了冲突控制神经机制研究的最新进展,并对进一步的研究提出展望。     

不同场认知方式个体完成心理旋转任务时神经效能的差异:来自皮层慢电位的证据

为探讨场独立个体在心理旋转时与场依存个体相比是否会表现出更高的神经效能以及两者在完成此任务上的皮层分布.选取不同场认知方式个体为被试,采用ERP技术研究其完成心理旋转任务时皮层的慢电位.结果发现:在完成心理旋转任务时,场依存个体皮层负慢波的波幅明显大于场独立个体的;场依存个体大脑中区和右区负慢波的波幅明显大于场独立个体的,表明场依存个体比场独立个体在完成任务时需投入更多的资源,从而说明场认知方式是影响神经效能的一个因素.     

Applying Western models of volunteering in Hong Kong: The role of empathy,prosocial motivation and motive–experience fit for volunteering

The present research investigates the applicability of prominent Western volunteering frameworks in Hong Kong. Two cross‐sectional surveys involving a total of 268 respondents were conducted. In Study 1, we tested a model of volunteering among 149 Hong Kong Chinese adult individuals (M_age = 34.8 years; 51.7% female) that examines antecedents and outcomes of voluntary engagement. Results show that prosocial motivation relates to volunteering, and that volunteering in turn predicts life satisfaction. Unexpectedly, and unlike studies in Western settings, other‐oriented empathy was not related to volunteering. Study 2 tests the propositions of the Volunteer Process Model (VPM) among 119 Hong Kong Chinese volunteers (M_age = 36.9 years; 58.0% female). Findings largely support the VPM: our results indicate that the link between motives, voluntary service length and frequency is mediated by satisfaction with volunteering. Moreover, findings suggest that a fit between motives and experience seems relevant for increasing volunteers' satisfaction with their service. Results of both studies suggest that Western volunteering models can be applied to volunteering in East Asian cultures when culture‐specific adaptations are considered.     

Effect of metastable Cr(Mo)s/Cr(Mo)a powders on mechanical alloying the immiscible Cu–Mo–Cr system

Metastable-state alloy powders are usually synthesised by milling and occur as products of mechanical alloying (MA), but they are rarely used as starting materials for other MA processes. In this work, metastable-state alloy powders, including supersaturated solid-solution Cr(Mo)s and amorphous Cr(Mo)a were prepared in advance. Then, the Cr(Mo)s/Cr(Mo)a powder mixture was mechanically alloyed with elemental Cu to form Cu–Mo–Cr alloy. The effects of the metastable-state powder Cr(Mo)s/Cr(Mo)a on MA of the immiscible Cu–Mo–Cr system were evaluated. Phases and microstructures of the milled powders were analysed by XRD and TEM, respectively. The results show that amorphous Cu-60wt.%Cr(Mo) and supersaturated solid-solution Cu-20wt.%Cr(Mo) alloy powders can be synthesised by MA. It is concluded that MA of the Cu–Mo–Cr ternary alloy system is significantly promoted when elemental Cu powder is milled with metastable-state alloy powder Cr(Mo)s/Cr(Mo)a. Furthermore, the promoting effect of amorphous Cr(Mo)a on MA the Cu–Mo–Cr alloy system is much greater than that of supersaturated solid-solution Cr(Mo)s, during the milling process.     

四参数Logistic模型和传统模型对被试作答拟合能力的比较研究

针对测验中高能力被试答错容易试题的睡眠现象,可使用四参数Logistic模型分析数据。研究选取了来自心理测验和成就测验的实际数据,分别采用传统模型和四参数Logistic模型进行拟合,对不同模型的拟合指标及参数估计结果进行比较。结果表明,四参数Logistic模型能够提高拟合程度,增强估计结果的准确性,有效纠正高能力被试能力被低估的现象。建议在必要时使用四参数Logistic模型进行数据分析。     

Evaluation of the Informational Content,Readability and Comprehensibility of Online Health Information on Monogenic Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to assess the informational content, readability, suitability and comprehensibility of websites offering educational information about monogenic diabetes available to patients. The top 20 results from 15 queries in four search engines were screened. Content analysis was performed by two independent coders. Readability was determined using Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and Simplified Measure of Goobledygook (SMOG). The Comprehensibility Assessment of Materials (SAM + CAM) scale was utilized to evaluate website suitability and comprehensibility. Only 2% (N = 29) of 1200 screened websites met inclusion criteria. Content analysis showed that 16 websites presented information on at least the most common forms of MODY (1, 2 and 3), four addressed the utility of genetic counseling, and none included support resources for patients. All websites exceeded the consensus readability level (6th grade) as assessed by FKGL (10.1 grade) and SMOG (12.8 ± 1.5 grades). Although the majority (N = 20) of websites had an overall “adequate” to “superior” quality score (SAM + CAM score > = 40%), more than one-third scored “not suitable” in categories of content, literacy demand, graphics, and learning motivation. The online educational resources for monogenic diabetes have a high readability level and require improvement in ease of use and comprehensibility for patients with diabetes.