Energetic effects of dopants on the eutectoid decomposition of Nb–Si in situ composites

The influences of doping elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Al) on the heats of formation of Nb, Nb₅Si₃ and Nb₃Si have been studied using first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method based on density functional theory. Site preferences of dopants in Nb₅Si₃ and Nb₃Si intermetallics are first determined by comparing the heats of formation of the systems with different site occupations of the doping atoms. The partitionings of dopants between the equilibrium phases Nb and Nb₅Si₃ of Nb–Si in situ composites are then discussed and compared with experimental results. Phase partitioning behaviours of the alloying elements are found to depend strongly on the number of their valence electrons. By calculating the enthalpy of reaction regarding the eutectoid decomposition of Nb₃Si phase, we conclude that Ta is a Nb₃Si stabiliser while other dopants destabilise Nb₃Si at the investigated concentration.     

中医问诊的生物心理社会医学模式

问诊是中医临床诊查疾病的重要方法之一.在内容上,中医问诊涵盖了对患者生物、心理和社会因素的全面观察和分析;在方式上,中医问诊重视患者主诉,并对患者主动而有针对性地询问和沟通.中医问诊是医生与患者主动交流互动的平台,体现了现代生物心理社会医学模式,对当前医学模式转变和医患关系改善有重要的参考意义.     

医患会话中的病因自我解释

医患会话中,患者常在被告知诊断结果前进行自我诊断,解释疾病产生的原因,在医生的专业技能与患者自我诊断技能不断协商讨论之中,医患双方可能产生相互影响。首先提出患者病因自我解释的语言特点,分析患者病因自我解释的两难决策。结合语料实例,指出医生回应患者病因解释的三种结构模式,最后对医生的回应策略给出建议。     

Chinese Corporate Social Responsibility by Multiple Objective Portfolio Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we study corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China through the prism of investments. We work with large stocks and assess their CSR performance from agency CSR data. We formulate Chinese CSR by a multiple objective extension of a traditional portfolio selection model and analytically solve the extension. We also solve the extension by a genetic algorithm and directly evaluate the algorithm's performance against the analytical solution. The multiple objective formulation is tested by randomly choosing nondominated portfolios with out‐of‐sample data to identify nondominated portfolios that outperform the 1/n portfolio (equally weighted portfolio). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hesitation in communication: Does minority status delay responses?

Past studies indicated that people in a minority (vs. majority) position are slower to express their public/political opinion, and the larger the difference between the size of the two positions, the slower the response. Bassili termed this the minority‐slowness effect (MSE). In the current study, two experiments were conducted to demonstrate that MSE extends to people's understanding of utterances and explored the cognitive basis for this. Participants were asked to judge if an utterance is a ‘direct’ or an ‘indirect’ expression. The results show that participants in the minority (vs. majority) took longer to respond, and the larger the difference between the size of majority and minority, the longer the response latency (Study 1a). Furthermore, participants were aware of their own minority position (Study 1b). In Study 2, when participants were deprived of cognitive resources, MSE disappeared, presumably because participants lack the cognitive resources required to conform to utterance interpretation as favoured by the majority.     

《周易》思想与文化传播——以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例

《周易》是中华传统文化的组成部分,是道家道教思想的重要来源.《周易》中有关乾坤、卦的思想,是道教和西南少数民族禹步的理论基础.论文以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例,详细考察其宗教法术蕴涵的《周易》思想,指出道教和西南少数民族宗教法师的禹步,其科仪始终按九宫八卦布局行法,此深得《周易》思想天人关系的精要.作为仪式中具有宗教象征意义的《周易》八卦符号,表达出中华先民对自然界阴阳运动规律的认识.     

COMT多态性与连续3-back任务相关ERP的关联研究

不同COMT基因型被试者,进行连续3-back任务测试,以探讨被试者工作记忆能力的变化情况。抽取21名不同COMT基因型被试者,观测被试者在连续工作记忆任务中记忆能力和脑电生理的差异。结果表明,Val/Met基因型被试者P300波幅显著低于Val/Val型,Met/Met型被试者的P300波幅居中。Val/Met型被试者显示了最差记忆任务成绩,被试者的P300波幅和记忆能力相关。COMT基因多态性和3-back任务事件相关电位相关联,工作记忆任务的灵活性和稳定性及其交互作用受到遗传因素的调控。     

Interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in crossmodal attention

Using a cue-target paradigm, we investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in cross-modal attention. A peripheral (exogenous) cue was presented after a central (endogenous) cue with a variable time interval. The endogenous and exogenous cues were presented in one sensory modality (auditory in Experiment 1 and visual in Experiment 2) whereas the target was presented in another modality. Both experiments showed a significant endogenous cuing effect (longer reaction times in the invalid condition than in the valid condition). However, exogenous cuing produced a facilitatory effect in both experiments in response to the target when endogenous cuing was valid, but it elicited a facilitatory effect in Experiment 1 and an inhibitory effect in Experiment 2 when endogenous cuing was invalid. These findings indicate that endogenous and exogenous cuing can co-operate in orienting attention to the crossmodal target. Moreover, the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is modulated by the modality between the cue and the target.     

从麻木到复苏——对医学人文关怀的关注与期待

中国医学的人文关怀有着深厚的传统根基,只是到了市场经济发展的新阶段,随着经济发展的不平衡、人口的增长,客观上造就了医疗功能的利益驱动,使得医学的人文关怀退居麻木境地,因此必须扬人性化、温情化之长,避技术化、商业化之短,以多样化的人文关怀改善医患关系,为和谐社会营造健康氛围。     

关于我国临终关怀发展策略的思考

随着人口的老龄化,疾病谱和死因顺位的改变,恶性肿瘤等慢性疾病的患病过程和死亡过程明显延长,加上晚期恶性肿瘤患者昂贵的医疗费用与低质量的生存状态,这些都使得临终关怀成为一种迫切的需求.为此探讨我国临终关怀服务存在的主要问题和对策.