Mainland Chinese and Canadian adolescents’ judgments and reasoning about the fairness of democratic and other forms of government

This study examined the judgments and reasoning of adolescents (ages 12–19 years) from three sites in urban and rural China (n = 270) and in an urban Canadian comparison sample (n = 72), about the fairness of various forms of democratic and non-democratic government. Adolescents from both China and Canada preferred democratic forms of government, such as representative or direct democracy, to non-democratic systems, such as a meritocracy and an oligarchy of the wealthy, at all ages. Adolescents appealed to fundamental democratic principles, such as representation, voice, and majority rule, to justify their judgments. Similar age-related patterns in judgments and reasoning were found across cultures and across diverse settings within China.     

Confucian Democracy as Pragmatic Experiment: Uniting Love of Learning and Love of Antiquity

This paper argues for the pragmatic construction of Confucian democracy by showing that Chinese philosophers who wish to see Confucianism flourish again as a positive dimension of Chinese civilization need to approach it pragmatically and democratically, otherwise their love of the past is at the expense of something else Confucius held in equal esteem, love of learning. Chinese philosophers who desire democracy for China would do well to learn from the earlier failures of the iconoclastic Westernizers, and realize that a Chinese democracy cannot come about by ignoring or dismissing such an important part of China's history, its Confucian tradition. The best chances for democracy in China lie in transforming that tradition without destroying it. Eagerness to learn from others must be united with a proper appreciation of one's own past to nurture democracy as a way of life.     

医药代表现象与药品价格政策的改革

探讨医药代表所引出的药品价格政策等问题,通过分析医药代表发生阶段性错位的原因,引出对药品价格改革的思考.我国的药品价格虚高是导致医疗市场失控的根本原因,医药代表的错位只是一种表现.根除这种错位必须首先解决药品价格虚高的问题.     

Autonomy,culture, and well-being: The benefits of inclusive autonomy

In an attempt to understand cultural variation in motivation, we distinguished between the type of motivation (ranging from controlled to autonomous, as conventionally measured) and the subject of motivation (“I” vs. “my family and I”), creating measures of individual and inclusive academic motivation. Support was found for three hypotheses. First, Chinese Canadian and Singaporean students felt less relative autonomy than European Canadian students, on both the inclusive and individual measures. Second, individual relative autonomy was associated with psychological well-being (WB) for European Canadians and Chinese Canadians (Study 1), and Singaporeans (Study 2). Third, inclusive relative autonomy was associated with psychological well-being for Chinese Canadians and Singaporeans, but not European Canadians. Exploratory analyses are also presented, and implications for the theory and measurement of autonomy are discussed.     

Detection theory analysis of scaling and discrimination tasks: responses to noxious thermal stimuli

This study's main purpose was to examine the sensitivity estimates obtained from scaling and discrimination approaches for nociception assessment in healthy individuals. This investigation may inform future applications in diagnostic procedures for painful conditions. Models of psychophysical judgment based on those of Durlach and Braida (1969), Laming (1984), and Irwin and Whitehead (1991) were used as the common analytical framework. Noxious thermal contact stimuli were used. The results show that the scaling approach produced lower detection theory sensitivity estimates than did the discrimination approach. The additional judgment variance in scaling tasks could explain this lowered sensitivity. The relative judgmental variance value of 2.18 obtained in this study is lower than variance values found i n previous investigations. This discrepancy i s probably due to the relatively smaller stimulus range employed in this study. The authors propose that the theoretical framework used in this study may be used in future studies to investigate the different dimensions of pain perception.     

刺激呈现时间对责任推论影响的实验研究

在社会认知中,由于所呈现的刺激都具有复杂的社会意义,其必然会在被试的心理上引起复杂的反应。实验通过对刺激时间的控制来了解个体在知觉阶段与记忆阶段所进行的责任推论是否存在差异。结果表明,工读生在刺激快速呈现时的责任判断与刺激缓慢呈现时的责任推论存在显著差异。     

艺术设计中创造性思维的fMRI研究：一项基于智能CAD的探索

本项工作尝试将人类思维的神经生物学基础研究与人工智能的研究成果相结合, 利用类比生成模型的原理, 开发了一个计算机辅助设计系统“多源类比人脸生成系统”, 并运用此平台开展了fMRI实验, 对人类大脑创造性思维的神经生物学机制进行了探索。实验采用open-ends模式下的“design task”和problem solving模式下的“control task”作为对照, 共采得15名健康成人被试的有效数据。数据结果显示design task与control task相比更为显著地激活了内侧前额叶、额中回、右侧颞上回、前扣带回、双侧海马、楔前叶这些脑区。综合以往研究推测, 内侧前额叶可能更多地与即兴自由创作中对自我信息的表征有关, 颞叶可能与不断产生和输出新颖性的观点有关, 边缘系统则可能主要与创造性活动中的动力驱动作用有关。总的来说, 创造性思维是多个脑区同时参与的高度分布式加工的结果。     

累积情境风险与职业女性自杀意念的关系：有中介的调节模型*

采用自编基本情况问卷、紧张性生活事件评定量表、社会支持评定量表、工作家庭冲突量表、坚韧性人格量表、心理痛楚量表和Beck自杀意念量表中文版对广东、河南、天津、北京等地的1092名职业女性进行调查,建立有中介的调节模型,考察坚韧性人格对累积情境风险与职业女性自杀意念关系的调节效应,以及心理痛楚在该调节模型中的中介效应。结果表明：（1）累积情境风险可正向预测职业女性的自杀意念;（2）坚韧性人格对累积情境风险和职业女性自杀意念之间的关系具有调节效应;（3）该调节效应以心理痛楚为完全中介,即,心理痛楚是坚韧性人格调节累积情境风险和职业女性自杀意念关系的中介变量。     

音乐诱发情绪测量及其影响因素*

使用音乐诱发情绪是有效且特殊的诱发方式。本文对音乐诱发情绪的自我报告测量、心理生理测量和功能神经成像测量进行了系统的梳理,并阐述了一种基于音乐特定模型的情绪测量方法。文章从音乐刺激的选择、听者特征以及情境特征三方面对影响音乐情绪测量的因素进行了总结。并为保证测量的准确性进一步提出确定理论模型一致性、结合多元方法、利用有效刺激材料、认真考评情境和参与者特征等解决思路,并阐明了此领域的研究趋势。     

中学生责任心的理论构建研究

责任心是一种自觉地把分内的事做好的重要人格特质,具有多维度多层次的心理结构.参照有关文献建立了中学生责任心结构模型,编制出我国中学生责任心量表.通过对747名中学生的探索性因素分析和1009名中学生的验证性因素分析,结果表明该量表结构清晰,信度和效度较好,可以作为评鉴中学生责任心的有效工具.