中国卫生法法典化的证成

法典对于一国法律的一般性、稳定性、体系性起到促进作用。此外,法典化还是法治现代化事业的组成部分,之于社会的现代性具有推动功能。在“依法治国”的背景下,卫生健康法治成为法治系统工程的重要内容。以法治的方式推进卫生健康事业,一部卫生法典不可或缺。从卫生健康事业、卫生健康法治和卫生健康法律体系面临的现实问题出发,卫生法典成为必要的选择。健康权的理论与制度、国家主义立法立场、颇具规模的卫生立法、我国法典编纂的历史经验以及域外国家卫生法典编纂的经验共同为我国的卫生法典提供了可行条件。

     

我国老年人居家医疗服务发展策略研究

采用SWOT-PEST分析模型,从政治、经济、社会、技术四个方面对当前老年人居家医疗服务开展的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行分析。结果发现,老年人居家医疗服务深得政府的政策支持,人口老龄化、经济的平稳增长、教育的现代化等为居家医疗服务发展提供了契机,但是行业标准欠缺、医疗法律体系不健全、激励政策不完善等问题制约着其发展。针对上述问题,提出了四种发展战略,包括充分发挥优势作用、把握时代发展机遇的SO策略;把握机遇、扭转劣势局面的WO策略;发挥政策及自身优势、规避威胁的ST策略;努力克服劣势、积极面对威胁的WT策略。

     

近代西医传播中的商业动因——以清末《博医会报》中的医药广告为例

对晚清时期《博医会报》中的医药广告及其传播内容进行分析研究, 认识其在西医传播中的作用。《博医会报》上医药广告所传播的内容在全国有相当高的地位, 它更是展现了西医传播的重要历史文献资料。通过原始文献考证及文本分析, 了解广告在对医学知识、卫生观念、医疗技术的传播具有显著的影响, 同时它也通过医药商业, 改变着人们的医疗观念与就医寻药的行为。揭示它们在近代西方医学传播中的作用, 探寻近代西医传播过程中商业动因的影响。     

《周易》思想与文化传播——以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例

《周易》是中华传统文化的组成部分,是道家道教思想的重要来源.《周易》中有关乾坤、卦的思想,是道教和西南少数民族禹步的理论基础.论文以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例,详细考察其宗教法术蕴涵的《周易》思想,指出道教和西南少数民族宗教法师的禹步,其科仪始终按九宫八卦布局行法,此深得《周易》思想天人关系的精要.作为仪式中具有宗教象征意义的《周易》八卦符号,表达出中华先民对自然界阴阳运动规律的认识.     

Magnitude comparison revisited: An alternative approach to binary choice under uncertainty

Two generations of psychologists have been interested in understanding binary choice under uncertainty. In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers assumed that people rely on a two-stage magnitude comparison process to make these decisions (Banks, 1977; Moyer & Dumais, 1978). More recently, the focus has shifted to approaches that rely on probabilistic cues and simple heuristics (Gigerenzer & Goldstein, Psychological Review 103, 650-669, 1996). Here, we test competing predictions derived from these two very different approaches and conclude that the magnitude comparison process plays a central role in this task. In support of this conclusion, we present an experiment in which participants were timed as they decided which of two vehicles was more expensive. Pairs composed of one luxury vehicle (e.g., BMW 323i) and one nonluxury vehicle (e.g., Toyota 4Runner) were critical because the magnitude comparison approach correctly predicted that reaction times would decrease with subjective distance, whereas the heuristics approach incorrectly predicted that there would be no relation.     

Can a mind have two time lines? Exploring space-time mapping in Mandarin and English speakers

Spatial representations of time are a ubiquitous feature of human cognition. Nevertheless, interesting sociolinguistic variations exist with respect to where in space people locate temporal constructs. For instance, while in English time metaphorically flows horizontally, in Mandarin an additional vertical dimension is employed. Noting that the bilingual mind can flexibly accommodate multiple representations, the present work explored whether Mandarin–English bilinguals possess two mental time lines. Across two experiments, we demonstrated that Mandarin–English bilinguals do indeed employ both horizontal and vertical representations of time. Importantly, subtle variations to cultural context were seen to shape how these time lines were deployed.     

The costs and benefits of sexism: resistance to influence during relationship conflict

This study tested whether men's and women's hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS) were associated with resistance to influence in couples' conflict interactions. Ninety-one heterosexual couples were recorded while trying to produce desired changes in each other. Participants reviewed their discussions and rated how open they were to their partner's perspective. Objective coders also rated the extent to which each partner exhibited hostile communication. We tested key principles arising from ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996). First, BS is necessary because mutual interdependence reduces the power of HS to influence women within intimate relationships. We found that the more men endorsed HS, the less open and more hostile both partners were, and the less successful their discussions were in producing desired change. Second, BS reduces the threat of women's dyadic power by revering and respecting women's interpersonal roles while restricting women's influence outside the relationship domain. We found that men who expressed higher agreement with BS were more open to their partners' influence and behaved with less hostility, and their discussions were more successful. These relationship benefits illustrate why BS is effective at disarming women's resistance to wider inequalities. These benefits, however, were contingent on men adopting BS attitudes. When women strongly endorsed BS but their male partner did not, women were less open, behaved with greater hostility, and perceived their discussions as less successful. These results indicate that, because BS increases the stakes within the relationship domain, women who endorse BS will react more negatively when their expectations are not realized.     

抑郁绝望理论在我国儿童中适用性的追踪研究

摘 要 以抑郁的绝望理论和最弱联结假设为基础,采用纵向追踪研究设计,应用多层线性模型分析考察抑郁绝望理论在我国儿童中的适用情况。结果表明：1、应激事件水平能预测抑郁症状的程度,并且在较大年龄儿童中具有更强的预测性; 2、虽然研究结果的统计显著性不支持以最弱联结假设为认知依据的绝望理论,但在一定程度上还是反应了该理论的适用性;3、个体认知归因方式可能在儿童阶段开始形成并逐渐发展成熟。     

国内外关于笔记的研究综述

记笔记是学生在听课和阅读时普遍采用的学习策略。本文对近些年来国内外的笔记研究进行了综述,分别从笔记的功能、笔记效果的影响因素、学习障碍学生的笔记研究和基于网络的笔记研究四个方面对以往的笔记研究进行了总结。其中在笔记效果的影响因素方面,又分别从笔记技术、工作记忆、元认知知识以及其他影响因素方面进行了概括总结。另外本文也提出了关于未来研究方向的展望。     

Interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in crossmodal attention

Using a cue-target paradigm, we investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in cross-modal attention. A peripheral (exogenous) cue was presented after a central (endogenous) cue with a variable time interval. The endogenous and exogenous cues were presented in one sensory modality (auditory in Experiment 1 and visual in Experiment 2) whereas the target was presented in another modality. Both experiments showed a significant endogenous cuing effect (longer reaction times in the invalid condition than in the valid condition). However, exogenous cuing produced a facilitatory effect in both experiments in response to the target when endogenous cuing was valid, but it elicited a facilitatory effect in Experiment 1 and an inhibitory effect in Experiment 2 when endogenous cuing was invalid. These findings indicate that endogenous and exogenous cuing can co-operate in orienting attention to the crossmodal target. Moreover, the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is modulated by the modality between the cue and the target.