OSAHS在2型糖尿病发病中的作用与对策

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）是一种常见的睡眠呼吸紊乱性疾病,以睡眠时反复发作的上气道部分或完全阻塞为特征。近年发现OSAHS与2型糖尿病之间有着明显的相关性,二者均为心血管疾病的高危因素,合并存在能够严重影响生命质量与预期寿命...     

原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者的循证治疗

为原发性甲亢合并严重肝损伤患者制定循证治疗方案。根据PICO原则,提出临床问题并转换成便于检索的形式,检索美国国家指南交换中心（NGC）、Cochrane图书馆（2010年第3期）、PubMed（1995-2010．11）和维普数据库（CHKD,1995～2010．11）。根据检索结果,制定治疗方法,2月后患者肝功能、...     

Is more always better? Effects of semantic richness on lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification

Evidence from large-scale studies (Pexman, Hargreaves, Siakaluk, Bodner, & Pope, 2008) suggests that semantic richness, a multidimensional construct reflecting the extent of variability in the information associated with a word's meaning, facilitates visual word recognition. Specifically, recognition is better for words that (1) have more semantic neighbors, (2) possess referents with more features, and (3) are associated with more contexts. The present study extends Pexman et al. (2008) by examining how two additional measures of semantic richness, number of senses and number of associates (Pexman, Hargreaves, Edwards, Henry, & Goodyear, 2007), influence lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification performance, after controlling for an array of lexical and semantic variables. We found that number of features and contexts consistently facilitated word recognition but that the effects of semantic neighborhood density and number of associates were less robust. Words with more senses also elicited faster lexical decisions but less accurate semantic classifications. These findings point to how the effects of different semantic dimensions are selectively and adaptively modulated by task-specific demands.     

中学教师社会化过程:交互作用视角

本研究以345名教师为研究对象,基于交互作用视角建立框架模型,研究教师社会化前因变量、社会化近端结果和终极结果之间的关系,以揭示教师社会化过程。结果表明:①教师社会化近端结果在组织策略和社会化终极结果之间起部分中介作用,在教师主动策略和社会化终极结果之间起完全中介作用;②同事帮带仅通过促进教师对学校的了解促进教师社会化终极结果;③家长配合一方面直接促进教师工作绩效,另一方面通过角色清晰对社会化终极结果产生积极影响。     

Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students' psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic

This study examined the main and interactive relations of stressors and coping related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) with Chinese college students' psychological adjustment (psychological symptoms, perceived general health, and life satisfaction) during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. All the constructs were assessed by self-report in an anonymous survey during the final period of the outbreak. Results showed that the relations of stressors and coping to psychological adjustment varied by domain of adjustment. Regression analyses suggested that the number of stressors and use of avoidant coping strategies positively predicted psychological symptoms. Active coping positively predicted life satisfaction when controlling for stressors. Moreover, all types of coping served as a buffer against the negative impact of stressors on perceived general health. These findings hold implications for university counseling services during times of acute, large-scale stressors. In particular, effective screening procedures should be developed to identify students who experience a large number of stressors and thus are at high risk for developing mental health problems. Intervention efforts that target coping should be adapted to take account of the uncontrollability of stressors and clients' cultural preferences for certain coping strategies. A multidimensional battery of psychological adjustment should be used to monitor clients' psychological adjustment to stressors and evaluate the efficacy of intervention.     

个人社会服务与福利国家:对我国社会保障制度的启示

以收入保障为基本内容的经济神利和以个人需要为导向的个人社会服务是当代社会保障体制的两大基本方面.西方福利国家发展的经验表明,在福利国家发展的早期,社会政策的重点是各类社会保险和各种收入维持项目;随着福利国家的发展,个人社会服务的种类日益增加,成为福利国家的重要产出.改革开放以来,为了配合市场经济体制的建立,我国重点发展了以社会保险为核心内容的社会保障体制.然而,个人社会服务,作为一项重要的人类服务或公共服务,不论是在概念上还是实践上,一直都没有得到足够的重视.这种情况严重制约了我国社会保障事业的发展,不能适应 断变化的家庭结构、人口结构和社会经济转型的需要.本文认为,随着科学发展观的落实、服务型政府建设的推进,以及普惠型社会福利制度的建设,我国亟需在完善社会保险和社会救助制度的同时,积极推广和普及个人社会服务概念和实务,大力发展个人社会服务,并且确立个人社会服务在我国社会保障体系中的战略地位.     

《管子》财富哲学思想初探

财富的本质与源泉是人的感性活动即力、劳身的结果,是人的本质力量的对象化产物。人是最宝贵的财富,财富还包括劳动产品如谷物、自然财富、货币财富。财富的分配和消费具有社会权力性,社会权力是人的感性活动异化的结果。财富具有道德性,财富和道德融为一体即实德。     

从归因视角探讨公共物品两难中惩罚系统对合作的影响

社会两难中惩罚系统对合作的影响是当前的一个研究热点。前人研究发现惩罚系统可以促进合作,但也有学者提出惩罚系统对合作动机具有破坏作用,存在不一致结论。且这些研究大多只关注金钱惩罚而忽略了社会惩罚。本文采用2(惩罚类型:金钱,社会)×2(惩罚频率:高,低)×2(阶段:有惩罚,无惩罚)混合设计,利用"惩罚撤除"实验范式,比较了社会高低频惩罚和金钱高低频惩罚对合作、归因以及预期的影响。并探讨了合作、归因、预期之间的相互关系,结果发现:(1)金钱和社会惩罚均可提高被试合作水平;(2)金钱高频惩罚减少了对合作行为的内归因,惩罚撤除后合作行为下降,而低频惩罚没有出现下降效应;(3)社会惩罚增加了对合作的内归因,高低频惩罚在移除之后均保持较高水平,且之前的惩罚频率越高,保持效果越好;(4)合作、预期与内归因正相关,外归因负相关,同时合作与预期正相关。     

From glamour-oriented idolatry to achievement-oriented idolatry: A framing experiment among adolescents in Hong Kong and Shenzhen

The present study examined the framing effect of two modes of idolatry among a sample of 1095 secondary school students in Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Two experimental conditions were set up: in the glamour frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced perfection and mystification of idols' personal or ideological characteristics; in the achievement frame condition, subjects were exposed to frames that enhanced emulation and identification of idols' pro-social behaviours or desirable dispositional traits. The experiment selected a prominent pop music and movie star well known in Chinese societies, Andy Lau, as the target idol. Subjects showed a consistently and significantly greater desire to glorify, idealize, identify with, emulate, and attach to Andy Lau in the achievement frame condition than in the glamour frame condition. The finding suggests that an achievement frame can heighten young people's adoration of an idol by emphasizing the idol's achievement processes. This suggestion is favourable to the possibility of transforming an idol into a role model for young people to learn to pursue career success.     

Authoritative Master Kong (Confucius) in An Authoritarian Age

Employing the distinction between the authoritarian (based on coercion) and the authoritative (based on excellence), this study of the understanding of authority in the Analects argues against interpretations of Confucianism which cast Confucius himself as advocating authoritarianism. Passages with key notions such as shang 上 and xia 下; fu 服 and cong 從; quan 權 and wei 威, are analyzed to illuminate ideas of hierarchy, obedience, and the nature of authority itself in the text. The evidence pieced together reveals the Master to be authoritative rather than authoritarian; and the social order to which he aspired is one based on excellence rather than on coercion. The article then considers why teachings which present a model of authority as authoritative ended up as often identified with authoritarianism and concludes with some thoughts about how Confucianism might be rescued from authoritarian practice.