The brain is not single-minded about inflectional morphology: A response to the commentaries

Jaeger is supportive of our experiment and the claims we make, arguing that the weight of current evidence shows the brain making a distinction between regular and irregular inflectional morphology. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen are unsupportive, criticizing our work on theoretical and methodological grounds. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen’s major worries—that we have misunderstood connectionist theory’s predictions and have committed a “Difficulty Matching Error” in testing them—are important to consider but turn out to be groundless. At bottom, Seidenberg & Arnoldussen fail to recognize the consequences of our choice of German words, rather than English, as stimuli. Once the concept of “difficulty” is given substance in this context, it appears that in German, the brain activates more extensively when dealing with what in the connectionist universe should be, if anything, the easier stimuli, not the harder ones as suggested by Seidenberg & Arnoldussen. Thus regularity cannot be reduced to difficulty.     

异丙酚不同麻醉深度对学习和记忆的影响

本研究使用加工分离程序探讨了异丙酚不同麻醉深度对学习和记亿的影响。结果发现在无手术刺激存在的情况下,使用异丙酚靶控静脉全身麻醉至OAA／S评分2分(相当于意识消失)时仅使外显记亿消失,提示意识消失时仍存在内隐记亿;麻醉至OAA／S评分1分时可使内隐记亿消失。为避免患者术后对手术中事件有不良回亿,应在解除手术刺激的前提下,麻醉至OAA／S评分1分。     

自我概念的多层结构模型

自我概念是个体对其自身的生理自我特征、心理自我特征、社会自我特征以及关联自我特征的态度,它是社会认知的重要内容。该研究仅围绕构成个体自我概念内涵的个人信息对145名大学生进行了调查,同时使用因素分析的方法进行分析。研究结果表明,在自我认知的信息构成中,自我概念从信息安全的角度呈现出层次性,具体可分为浅层自我、深层自我与中层自我等。     

伴有广场恐怖症的惊恐障碍的网络心理学治疗新技术

近年来,加拿大Universitédu Québec en Outaouais大学Bouchard教授领导的团队进行了一系列网络心理学的研究,这种研究尝试将最新的计算机技术融合到传统临床心理治疗中去,并通过实验来评估其疗效。针对伴有广场恐怖症的惊恐障碍的研究一直是其研究重点,其包括对传统认知行为疗法(Cognitive Behavior Therapy,CBT)的评价研究、将远程视频会议技术应用于CBT疗法的研究,以及将虚拟现实技术与传统CBT疗法相结合的研究。     

口香糖咀嚼的脑机制

该研究采用功能性核磁共振(fMRI)技术,考察了咀嚼口香糖时大脑的活动。结果发现,与休息相比,口香糖咀嚼显著增加了脑的BOLD(血氧依赖水平)信号;与口香糖咀嚼相关的脑区有初级运动皮层,右侧后顶叶,双侧小脑,以及双侧前额叶的部分区域。ROI(感兴趣区域)分析发现,咀嚼时不同脑区的对血氧含量有不同程度的提高,其中中央前回的血氧依赖水平信号变化量高达46.3%,说明口香糖咀嚼增强了某些脑区的活动,显著提高了这些脑区的血流和供氧水平。     

江苏省高校学生医保现状与提高医保水平研究

在高等教育规模不断扩大的形势下,大学生群体数量随之增加,而针对这一特殊群体,迄今为止无规范性的医疗保障制度出台.在对江苏省内5所高校学生抽样调查的基础上,对2 284份问卷进行分析,提出将高校学生纳入社会医疗保险体系是建立健全大学生医疗保障制度的选择,也能更好提高大学生医疗保险水平.     

心理定势发生机制的模型建构

心理定势作为个体的一种预备状态,是先前的活动倾向对后来活动的影响,前苏联格鲁吉亚学派围绕它建立了较为完备的传统心理定势理论。而该文则希冀超越传统社会心理学的视角,以信息加工的心理学视角,使用图式理论重新阐释心理定势现象发生的内在作用机制,尝试建构“定势现象的图式激活过程理论模型”。     

The development of internal representations of magnitude and their association with Arabic numerals.

Developmental aspects of number concepts were evaluated using participants from the beginning and end of first grade (6-7 years old), third and fifth grades (7-11 years old), and university (22 years old). Participants evaluated the numerical value or physical size of stimuli varying along both dimensions. The numerical distance effect appeared in all groups. In contrast, the size congruity effect started to appear only at the end of first grade. Based on our results, a model of internal representation of magnitude claiming that there are two different representations was propose. At the beginning of first grade children can automatically access only one of these representations and only from the end of first grade can they access both of these representations.     

Social Isolation of Youth at Risk: Conceptualizations and Practical Implications

A literature review led to a conceptualization of social isolation as a major factor in determining how youth are increasingly put at risk for both immediate and lifelong difficulties. Three common and particularly troubling at‐risk situations that counselors face are specifically examined to better understand the origins and implications affecting assessment and interventions: abuse by peers in the form of bullying and harassment, abuse and neglect of youth by adults, and suicide as a form of self‐abuse. The authors present practical implications for how school and mental health counselors can apply this information in practice.     

汉字识别中形旁亚词汇加工的发展研究

本研究利用语义相关判断 ,探讨儿童和成年人在汉字加工中是否存在形旁的语义激活。目标字是语义透明的合体字 (如“姐”) ;启动字选用两种与目标字语义无关的字 ,一种是共用形旁但语义不透明的合体字 (如“始”) ,一种是在频率、笔画等方面和共用形旁字匹配的无关控制字 (如“收”)。结果发现与无关控制字相比 ,儿童和成年人在共用形旁字上的“NO”反应得到了延迟 ,说明形旁可能被分解加工 ,其语义被激活。而且不同年级儿童和成年人的效应量不同 ,表明形旁的自动分解和语义激活可能存在着一个从非自动化到自动化的发展过程。与前人的诸多研究相结合 ,说明儿童和成年人对汉字的加工一样 ,是亚词汇与词汇加工并行进行的过程。