农村留守儿童心理健康水平变迁的横断历史研究

研究选取2004年至2017年中采用MHT量表的90篇文献,进行了横断历史元分析,探究留守儿童心理健康状况随年代的变化趋势.结果表明:(1)学习焦虑、过敏倾向与年代呈正相关,其余因子均与年代呈负相关,年代对各因子变异的解释率在14％～23％之间;(2)对人焦虑、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向平均下降范围在0.06～0.7...     

启发式在警觉任务中的交叉复合作用

通过对个体和团队和警觉任务的阶段性研究,本研究发现了启发式对个体警觉任务的交叉复合作用,个体在警觉任务关键信号出现时绩效不一定下降。关键信号出现时成绩的升降取决于关键信号与背景信号的可取性。另外,团队结构克服了个体决策中出现的信息不全和信息加工资源不足的缺陷,使警觉任务在关键事件发生时、发生前和发生后的成绩波动不大。     

The ontogeny of cumulative culture: Individual toddlers vary in faithful imitation and goal emulation

The success of human culture depends on early emerging mechanisms of social learning, which include the ability to acquire opaque cultural knowledge through faithful imitation, as well as the ability to advance culture through flexible discovery of new means to goal attainment. This study explores whether this mixture of faithful imitation and goal emulation is based in part on individual differences which emerge early in ontogeny. Experimental measurements and parental reports were collected for a group of 2‐year‐old children (N = 48, age = 23–32 months) on their imitative behavior as well as other aspects of cognitive and social development. Results revealed individual differences in children's imitative behavior across trials and tasks which were best characterized by a model that included two behavioral routines; one corresponding to faithful imitation, and one to goal emulation. Moreover, individual differences in faithful imitation and goal emulation were correlated with individual differences in theory of mind, prosocial behavior, and temperament. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the mechanisms of social learning, ontogeny of cumulative culture, and the benefit of analyzing individual differences for developmental experiments.     

Seeking harmony in Chinese families: A dyadic analysis on Chinese parent‒child relations

Based on Leung, Koch, and Lu’s (2002) dualistic harmony model, we examined the relations of two harmony‐seeking behaviors—harmony enhancement and disintegration avoidance—to family functioning among 177 Hong Kong Chinese adolescent?parent dyads. Structural equation modeling results showed that adolescent‐rated harmony enhancement was positively related to adolescent‐rated family functioning whereas parent‐rated harmony enhancement was positively related to parent‐rated family functioning. Disintegration avoidance, however, was not related to family functioning in the two samples. Furthermore, no significant cross‐path association between harmony‐seeking behaviors and family functioning was identified, meaning that the harmony‐seeking behaviors of adolescents and their parents did not relate to each other’s perception of family functioning. Implications of these findings to our understanding of family in Chinese culture are discussed.     

人类性别加工的认知神经机制

性别信息是人类重要的生物和社会属性, 对性别快速而准确的识别对人类的生存和繁衍具有重要意义。人类的性别加工具有自动化、刻板化以及不对称性等特点, 并受性别加工主体、其他性别信息、社会类别信息以及高级认知调节的影响。聚焦于面孔和声音这两个性别信息的主要来源, 综述了性别加工的行为和神经机制研究, 并提出了两阶段性别加工模型, 早期阶段为对性别信息物理属性的特异性加工, 晚期阶段为对抽象性别信息的一般性加工。未来的研究可以重点关注性别加工的系统性研究、性别分类和机器学习、以及性别的二相性问题等方面。     

父母家校沟通与小学生参与数学课外补习的关系研究

基于某特大型城市学区658名小学四年级学生及其父母的调查数据,讨论小学生参与数学课外补习的影响因素,特别是家校沟通的作用。数据分析结果表明：在控制学生数学学业成绩与家庭社会经济地位的情况下,母亲的家校沟通行为可以显著预测四年级学生的数学课外补习参与情况,而未发现父亲的家校沟通行为的预测作用,研究结论印证了信息沟通在家庭教育决策中的重要作用。     

A Sparse Latent Class Model for Cognitive Diagnosis

Psychometrika - Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) are latent variable models developed to infer latent skills, knowledge, or personalities that underlie responses to educational, psychological,...     

父母心理控制与小学生的欺负行为:敌意归因和冷酷无情的作用检验

采用班级整群抽样法选取1847名3~6年级小学生（男生987名;平均年龄10.73±1.16岁）及其家长为被试,采用问卷法考察父母心理控制与小学生欺负行为的关系,同时探讨敌意归因和冷酷无情的中介作用。结果发现：（1）父母心理控制显著正向预测小学生的欺负行为;（2）冷酷无情在父母心理控制与小学生欺负行为间的关系中存在中介作用,敌意归因不发挥中介作用;（3）父母心理控制对小学生欺负行为影响的中介机制不存在显著的性别差异和学段差异。本研究结果表明,冷酷无情是父母心理控制影响小学生欺负行为的重要机制,但敌意归因不是。研究者和实践者应注重对欺负者情感加工能力的关注和干预。     

特别旅游团(天津快板)

春风可劲吹呀,百花齐开放,特别旅游团出城去,“旅行”走四方。不上峨嵋山,也不去苏杭,不走大道行小路,首选是庙堂。左手拿香纸,右手秉烛光,披荆斩棘上荒山,虔诚觅佛光。入得山门来,直奔佛爷堂,三叩九拜加许愿,难表真信仰。纸钱漫天飞,烧香几尺长,百元一支算什么,反正荷包胀。乌烟又瘴气,迷漫出神堂,环境污染达山外,山林也遭殃。拜神身匍地,叩头咚咚响,乞求菩萨来保佑,财源达三江。抽签又算命,占星加看相,高僧大师拜不尽,慷慨又解囊。风雨飘摇中,破旧小学堂,他说希望工程去捐款,不如神保障。游完国内景,又拜洋和尚,飘洋过海朝圣去,目标是教堂…