公民信息维权的道德保障

信息权利已经成为当代公民最基本的权利之一,但其实现状况却不尽如人意.究其原因,落后的社会经济文化发展水平,法律与道德体制的滞后与权力至上等传统观念的深入人心,极大地阻碍了公民积极维权的步伐.为此,从伦理层面上,应该通过信息伦理文化观念的建设、加强相关的伦理宣传和教育等措施培养和鼓励公民的信息维权意识,还应不断完善道德赏罚机制,适度引导公民形成积极维权的行为习惯.     

Culture Marker Versus Authority Marker: How Do Language Attitudes Affect Political Trust?

Is public trust in government representatives (i.e., bureaucrats, police, public servants) affected by the language they use? The conventional theory holds that, in a multilingual society, people favor government representatives who speak the listeners' dialects because it indicates a shared cultural identity, that is, the “culture-marker” effect. This article offers an alternative mechanism in which people's attitudes can be affected by the government designating the official language as a marker of political authority. Listeners will then project their respect for the political authority to the government representatives who speak this marker language. This mechanism is named an “authority marker” effect. Using a set of adjusted matched-guise experiments in China, this study examines the culture-marker and authority-marker effects. The results support the authority-marker effect by showing that listeners have significantly more trust in the bureaucrats who speak the official language than in those who speak the dialects of the listeners. The study also finds that this is a unique effect for speakers when they represent the government. Without that political identity, listeners will still respond more positively to speakers of their own dialects.     

Turning a blind eye: Meritocracy moderates the impacts of social status on corruption perception

Findings on the effect of social status on corruption perception are mixed. To make sense of the mixed results, three studies were conducted to examine whether meritocracy moderates this effect. In Study 1, we measured all variables using a questionnaire-based correlational design. In the preregistered Study 2, we adopted an experimental design in which we manipulated social status using a false feedback paradigm and measured corruption perception and meritocracy. In Study 3, we manipulated meritocracy using a scrambled sentence task and measured its effect on the relationship between social status and corruption perception. The results consistently demonstrated that meritocracy could moderate the influence of social status on corruption perception. Specifically, social status was negatively associated with corruption perception when meritocracy was weak, whereas the association was not significant when meritocracy was strong. Our results suggest that meritocracy critically affects acknowledgment of the pervasiveness of social injustice and even deters the disadvantaged from fighting against corruption.     

信息侵权的伦理规约

信息权利已经成为当代公民最基本的权利之一,但其实现状况却不尽如人意。信息侵权行为大量涌现,究其原因,信息伦理观念的紊乱、信息道德评价的困难、信息伦理规范的失效与信息伦理教育弱化等因素,都加剧了公民信息权利的危机。为此,从伦理层面上,应该通过营造健康的舆论导向、对把关人角色进行重塑、培育公民的责任感、采取他律与自律相结合、加强对公民的信息伦理教育等伦理规约手段,有效遏制信息侵权行为的泛滥。     

Children Change Their Answers in Response to Neutral Follow-Up Questions by a Knowledgeable Asker

Burgeoning evidence suggests that when children observe data, they use knowledge of the demonstrator's intent to augment learning. We propose that the effects of social learning may go beyond cases where children observe data, to cases where they receive no new information at all. We present a model of how simply asking a question a second time may lead to belief revision, when the questioner is expected to know the correct answer. We provide an analysis of the CHILDES corpus to show that these neutral follow-up questions are used in parent–child conversations. We then present three experiments investigating 4- and 5-year-old children's reactions to neutral follow-up questions posed by ignorant or knowledgeable questioners. Children were more likely to change their answers in response to a neutral follow-up question from a knowledgeable questioner than an ignorant one. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of common practices in legal, educational, and experimental psychological settings.     

儒道会通如何可能?——葛洪思想之"内道外儒"说解析

本文通过分析葛洪思想中儒道会通如何可能的问题,指明了儒道思想在内外融贯、本末贯通、儒道会通三个层面上的进展过程与整体结构,先验的明见了其奠基之根本,表明了儒道会通的一般超越论形式,从而根据性的豁清了中国思想史上经常出现却始终处于暧昧中的儒道会通问题.