研究生职业价值观的定量比较研究

用修订后的中文super职业价值观量表为工具对377名在读硕士研究生的职业价值观进行调查,研究结果表明：1．在研究生职业价值观中影响最大的因素为进取心、经济价值和工作关系。2．研究生对15种职业价值尺度最重视的前4位依次为生活方式、成就、独立性、同事关系,而对监督关系、变动性、安全性、管理最不重视。研究生的职业价值观在不同年级、性别、工作经历、婚姻状况、学科间重视顺序一致性程度很高,但在一些价值尺度上也表现出了团体差异和个别差异。     

阴阳五行说的发展演变与中华民族思维方式的基本形成

阴阳五行说的形成经历了一个漫长的历史时期,是我国古代农业文明的结晶,对于秦汉及其以后的封建社会的发展影响深远,成为封建统治者建立政权的历史哲学。与西方文明的发展路径相比有所不同的是,阴阳五行说所体现出的关联思维方式,是中国人的思想律,是古人对于天人之际这一问题加以思考所得出的结论。这一学说在《内经》医学哲学的思想框架中被采纳,并在现实的医学实践中被广泛运用,从而将精神与身体有机地结合在一起。     

大学生作弊的研究现状与展望：心理学的视角

大学生作弊问题正备受关注,因为这与大学之崇高社会地位和历史使命相悖,且危害教育公平、降低高等教育公信力。本文就国外心理学领域对该问题研究取得的丰硕成果,从大学生作弊流行率、影响因素、防范措施以及有关理论方面进行了回顾和分析,进而就关于作弊的分类及类型、性质和模型解释诸重要问题做了探讨并提出了看法。     

The development of preschool children's (Homo sapiens) uses of objects and their role in peer group centrality

The ways in which objects were used by preschool children (Homo sapiens) was examined by directly observing them across one school year. In the first objective we documented the relative occurrence of different forms of object use and their developmental growth curves. Second, we examined the role of different types of object use, as well as novel and varied uses of objects, in predicting peer group centrality. Results indicated that noninstrumental object play was the most frequently observed category, followed by tool use, exploration, and construction; sex moderated the growth curve of children's exploration. Noninstrumental object play, not other types of object use, was significantly related to novel and varied object uses and only the latter category predicted peer group centrality. Results are discussed in terms of the social transmission of novel object use.     

Type of items and the magnitude of gender differences on the Mental Rotations Test.

The present study considered the structure of the drawings used in the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) to examine whether distractors that are either a mirror image or structurally different from the target as well as response alternatives with occluded and nonoccluded parts affect the magnitude of gender differences on this test. One hundred and three women and 100 men undergraduate students were given unlimited time to complete the MRT. A gender by occlusion interaction on correct responses showed that gender differences were larger for occluded than for nonoccluded items. Examination of performance as a function of item placement in the test suggested that it is unlikely that the results could be accounted for by differential practice effects in women and men. Implications of these results for explanations of gender differences on the MRT and for the training of spatial abilities are discussed.     

儿童对情绪表达规则的理解与策略的使用

从一所普通小学一三五年级学生中选取90名被试,结构访谈法考察儿童对情绪表达规则的理解与表达策略的使用。结果表明,儿童对情绪表达规则的理解在一到三年级阶段获得快速发展,三到五年级变化很小,而且在积极和消极情境下发展趋势比较一致,但性别和情境交互作用显著。不同年级儿童对策略的使用表现出类似对情绪表达规则理解的变化趋势,全部被试中,平静化策略使用最多,掩饰策略次之,在掩饰策略的使用上,性别和情境交互作用显著。     

Job crafting,leader autonomy support,and passion for work: Testing a model in Australia and China

Motivation and Emotion - Building on the dualistic model of passion Vallerand (The psychology of passion: A dualistic model. Oxford University Press, New York, 2015), we examined a hypothesized...     

性别比与童年经济状况对女性长短期择偶偏好的影响：“暖男”需求变化的进化分析

基于进化领域的生命史理论,采用两种实验启动的途径探讨性别比、童年经济状况和女性长短期择偶偏好间的关系。结果表明：女性在长期择偶中更为重视男性的“好爸爸”和“好资源”,在短期择偶中更为重视男性的“好基因”;性别比在女性长期择偶的“好爸爸”偏好上具有显著主效应,在“女多男少”情境下女性对“好爸爸”的偏好水平会较“男多女少”时明显提高;性别比和童年经济状况在女性长期择偶“好爸爸”偏好上的交互效应显著：童年贫穷女性在“女多”情境下会明显提高对长期择偶“好爸爸”的偏好水平,童年富裕女性在性别失衡情境下对长期“好爸爸”的偏好保持相对稳定。     

Variations of career decision ambiguity tolerance between China and the United States and between high school and college

The variation of career decision ambiguity tolerance (CDAT) by cultures and development stages was examined in a sample of Chinese high school students (n = 339), a sample of Chinese college students (n = 356), along with U.S. college students (n = 328). It was hypothesized that career decision ambiguity tolerance decreases when individuals experience more societal/cultural pressure on decidedness and responsibility for their career decision making. Based on the three-factor structure of CDAT (i.e., preference, tolerance, and aversion), measurement invariance was examined between Chinese and U.S. college students and between Chinese high school and college students. While the factor of tolerance was not upheld in both Chinese samples, the factors of preference and aversion were found to be structurally invariant across cultures and developmental stages. The analyses comparing means of preference and aversion found that U.S. college students had a higher level of preference relative to Chinese college students. It was also found that in comparison to Chinese high school students, Chinese college students had a higher level of aversion. The criterion validity of CDAT in Chinese culture was supported in the findings of preference and aversion being associated with career exploration and career indecision. The implication of this study was discussed along with its limitations and suggestions for future research.